多亏了@djhoese的指导，我才能够想出一些解决方案。首先，背景图像必须位于场景图之外，以免它成为视图显示的 3D 空间的一部分。之后是实际显示 3D 场景后面图像的问题。viewTurntableCamera

解决方案 1：在绘制图像后和绘制 3D 场景之前清除 OpenGL 深度缓冲区

最干净的方法是先绘制图像，然后在绘制 3D 场景之前清除 OpenGL 深度缓冲区。这将确保场景绘制在图像的顶部。最简单的方法是在绘制后对 进行子类化并添加调用：scene.Imagegloo.clear(color=False, depth=True)

class BackgroundImage(scene.Image):
    def draw(self):
        super().draw()
        gloo.clear(color=False, depth=True)

确保先于其他任何内容进行渲染。完整代码如下：BackgroundImage

import sys
import numpy as np

from vispy import app, scene, gloo
from vispy.util.filter import gaussian_filter


class BackgroundImage(scene.Image):
    def draw(self):
        super().draw()
        gloo.clear(color=False, depth=True)


canvas = scene.SceneCanvas(keys='interactive', bgcolor='w')

view_bg = canvas.central_widget.add_view(camera=scene.PanZoomCamera())
view_bg.order = float("-inf")  # For good measure

background_image = BackgroundImage(np.random.rand(512, 512, 3).astype(np.float32), parent=view_bg.scene)
view_bg.camera.set_range(margin=0)

view = canvas.central_widget.add_view()
view.camera = scene.TurntableCamera(up='z', fov=60)

# Simple surface plot example
# x, y values are not specified, so assumed to be 0:50
z = np.random.normal(size=(250, 250), scale=200)
z[100, 100] += 50000
z = gaussian_filter(z, (10, 10))
p1 = scene.visuals.SurfacePlot(z=z, color=(0.3, 0.3, 1, 1))
p1.transform = scene.transforms.MatrixTransform()
p1.transform.scale([1/249., 1/249., 1/249.])
p1.transform.translate([-0.5, -0.5, 0])

view.add(p1)

# p1._update_data()  # cheating.
# cf = scene.filters.ZColormapFilter('fire', zrange=(z.max(), z.min()))
# p1.attach(cf)


xax = scene.Axis(pos=[[-0.5, -0.5], [0.5, -0.5]], tick_direction=(0, -1),
                 font_size=16, axis_color='k', tick_color='k', text_color='k',
                 parent=view.scene)
xax.transform = scene.STTransform(translate=(0, 0, -0.2))

yax = scene.Axis(pos=[[-0.5, -0.5], [-0.5, 0.5]], tick_direction=(-1, 0),
                 font_size=16, axis_color='k', tick_color='k', text_color='k',
                 parent=view.scene)
yax.transform = scene.STTransform(translate=(0, 0, -0.2))

# Add a 3D axis to keep us oriented
axis = scene.visuals.XYZAxis(parent=view.scene)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    canvas.show()
    if sys.flags.interactive == 0:
        app.run()

A 用于确保缩放图像以适合整个画布。您将无法与该相机进行交互，因为带有 的视图绘制在顶部，因此它会进行对焦。PanZoomCamerabackground_imageTurntableCamera

我没有名声在我的答案中嵌入图像：带有背景图像的表面图

泛化解决方案以在背景中绘制任何场景

如果要绘制任何场景，而不仅仅是在另一个场景的背景中绘制，则可以实现一个子类，该子类在绘制其子类后清除深度缓冲区。最好从中继承，因为它提供了最多的功能：ImageNodeWidget

class Background(scene.Widget):
    """Node that clears the depth buffer after drawing its children."""
    ClearDepth = type("ClearDepthBuffer", (scene.Node,), {'draw': lambda self: gloo.clear(color=False, depth=True)})

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._last = None
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._last = self.ClearDepth(parent=self)
        self._last.order = float("inf")
        assert self._children.pop() == self._last

    @property
    def children(self):
        return super().children + [self._last] if self._last is not None else super().children

确保它实际上是在绘制其他任何内容之前绘制的。使用这种方法的全曲面图代码如下：Background

import sys
import numpy as np

from vispy import app, scene, gloo
from vispy.util.filter import gaussian_filter


class Background(scene.Widget):
    """Node that clears the depth buffer after drawing its children."""
    ClearDepth = type("ClearDepthBuffer", (scene.Node,), {'draw': lambda self: gloo.clear(color=False, depth=True)})

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._last = None
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._last = self.ClearDepth(parent=self)
        self._last.order = float("inf")
        assert self._children.pop() == self._last

    @property
    def children(self):
        return super().children + [self._last] if self._last is not None else super().children


canvas = scene.SceneCanvas(keys='interactive', bgcolor='w')

background = canvas.central_widget.add_widget(Background())
background.order = float("-inf")  # For good measure
view_bg = background.add_view(camera=scene.PanZoomCamera())

background_image = scene.Image(np.random.rand(512, 512, 3).astype(np.float32), parent=view_bg.scene)
view_bg.camera.set_range(margin=0)

view = canvas.central_widget.add_view()
view.camera = scene.TurntableCamera(up='z', fov=60)

print(canvas.scene.describe_tree())

# Simple surface plot example
# x, y values are not specified, so assumed to be 0:50
z = np.random.normal(size=(250, 250), scale=200)
z[100, 100] += 50000
z = gaussian_filter(z, (10, 10))
p1 = scene.visuals.SurfacePlot(z=z, color=(0.3, 0.3, 1, 1))
p1.transform = scene.transforms.MatrixTransform()
p1.transform.scale([1/249., 1/249., 1/249.])
p1.transform.translate([-0.5, -0.5, 0])

view.add(p1)

# p1._update_data()  # cheating.
# cf = scene.filters.ZColormapFilter('fire', zrange=(z.max(), z.min()))
# p1.attach(cf)


xax = scene.Axis(pos=[[-0.5, -0.5], [0.5, -0.5]], tick_direction=(0, -1),
                 font_size=16, axis_color='k', tick_color='k', text_color='k',
                 parent=view.scene)
xax.transform = scene.STTransform(translate=(0, 0, -0.2))

yax = scene.Axis(pos=[[-0.5, -0.5], [-0.5, 0.5]], tick_direction=(-1, 0),
                 font_size=16, axis_color='k', tick_color='k', text_color='k',
                 parent=view.scene)
yax.transform = scene.STTransform(translate=(0, 0, -0.2))

# Add a 3D axis to keep us oriented
axis = scene.visuals.XYZAxis(parent=view.scene)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    canvas.show()
    if sys.flags.interactive == 0:
        app.run()

请确保在使用 或 的子类时使用 和方法，以便正确处理画布事件。这种方法的巧妙之处在于，您可以将多个实例渲染成一行，每个实例都渲染在前一个实例之上，从而为您提供多层背景，其中每个背景可以是任意的 2D 或 3D 场景。add_widgetadd_viewWidgetWidgetBackground

解决方案 2：对视图外部的图像使用平移和缩放转换

清除 OpenGL 深度缓冲区的替代方法是平移 ，使其坐标尽可能接近，但实际上不等于 。但是，这种方法不适用于 ，因此您还必须处理图像的缩放，以便在调整画布大小时它适合整个画布。该事件也会在初始画布设置期间调用。完整代码如下：Imagez1.01.0PanZoomCameraresize

import sys
import numpy as np

from vispy import app, scene
from vispy.util.filter import gaussian_filter
from vispy.visuals.transforms import STTransform

canvas = scene.SceneCanvas(keys='interactive', bgcolor='w')

background_image = scene.Image(np.random.rand(512, 512, 3).astype(np.float32), parent=canvas.central_widget)
canvas.events.resize.connect(lambda _: background_image.__setattr__('transform', STTransform(
    translate=(0, 0, 0.999999970197677556793536268742172978818416595458984374),
    scale=tuple(c / b for c, b in zip(canvas.size, background_image.size))
)))

view = canvas.central_widget.add_view()
view.camera = scene.TurntableCamera(up='z', fov=60)

# Simple surface plot example
# x, y values are not specified, so assumed to be 0:50
z = np.random.normal(size=(250, 250), scale=200)
z[100, 100] += 50000
z = gaussian_filter(z, (10, 10))
p1 = scene.visuals.SurfacePlot(z=z, color=(0.3, 0.3, 1, 1))
p1.transform = scene.transforms.MatrixTransform()
p1.transform.scale([1/249., 1/249., 1/249.])
p1.transform.translate([-0.5, -0.5, 0])

view.add(p1)

# p1._update_data()  # cheating.
# cf = scene.filters.ZColormapFilter('fire', zrange=(z.max(), z.min()))
# p1.attach(cf)


xax = scene.Axis(pos=[[-0.5, -0.5], [0.5, -0.5]], tick_direction=(0, -1),
                 font_size=16, axis_color='k', tick_color='k', text_color='k',
                 parent=view.scene)
xax.transform = scene.STTransform(translate=(0, 0, -0.2))

yax = scene.Axis(pos=[[-0.5, -0.5], [-0.5, 0.5]], tick_direction=(-1, 0),
                 font_size=16, axis_color='k', tick_color='k', text_color='k',
                 parent=view.scene)
yax.transform = scene.STTransform(translate=(0, 0, -0.2))

# Add a 3D axis to keep us oriented
axis = scene.visuals.XYZAxis(parent=view.scene)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    canvas.show()
    if sys.flags.interactive == 0:
        app.run()

使用这种方法，您不必担心绘制 3D 场景之前。任何绘图顺序都有效。如果图像未显示，则其坐标可能被舍入为 ，因此请尝试删除 参数中的几个小数点。的值 和 up 应该足够好用。我只是去找到了我可以放入坐标中的最大可能值，该坐标将为我显示图像。Imagez1.0translateSTTransform0.9999z