如何修复Visual Studio 2012错误LNK2019：无法解析的外部符号“__declspec（dllimport） public：class std：：basic_string？

How to Fix Visual Studio 2012 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string?

提问人：buzz3791 提问时间：3/21/2013 最后编辑：buzz3791 更新时间：3/31/2023 访问量：34317

问：

如何修复Visual Studio 2012错误LNK2019：未解析的外部符号“__declspec（dllimport） public：class std：：basic_string？

我一直在编译一个包含一个 exe 和几个静态 lib 项目的解决方案 exe 在 Visual Studio 2008 中可以正常依赖。静态库包括：

TCL公司：tcl84tsx.lib
wx小部件：wxbase.lib
zlib.lib 文件
ws2_32.lib
xerces-c_2.lib
SNMP研究EMANATE：subagent.lib，agent.lib，emanate.lib，pack.lib，mibtable.lib，devkit.lib
等。

我将解决方案加载到 Visual Studio 2012 中并编译了解决方案中的所有项目，但是当我尝试链接 exe 时，我收到有关标准 C++ 库中内容的未解析符号的错误，如下面的输出。

我发现很多人都有像这样的未解析符号，但没有一个修复程序对我有用。到目前为止，我尝试过的修复程序包括

通过手动添加对 exe 项目所依赖的静态 lib 项目的引用来更新 EXE 项目
切换“将wchar_t视为内置类型”链接器选项

Visual Studio 2012 链接器的输出...

 1>ace_funcs.obj : warning LNK4075: ignoring '/EDITANDCONTINUE' due to '/OPT:LBR' specification
 1>LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib 'MSVCRT' conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library
 1>ComponentX-Win32.lib(MyOrgConsoleSktServer.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentY-Win32.lib(ORBSingleton.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentY-Win32.lib(OrbException.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(ExceptionHelper.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(ComponentCCheckpointImpl.obj) : warning LNK4217: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported in function "public: __thiscall std::logic_error::logic_error(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (??0logic_error@std@@QAE@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@1@@Z)
 1>ComponentX-Win32.lib(MyOrgConsole.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentX-Win32.lib(MyOrgThreadFactory.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(PersistenceServiceProxy.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(ComponentBServiceImpl.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(XmlPreferencesHelper.obj) : warning LNK4217: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported in function "private: void __thiscall _CORBA_Sequence_String::copybuffer(unsigned long)" (?copybuffer@_CORBA_Sequence_String@@AAEXK@Z)
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(XmlHelper.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(ServiceBootstrap.obj) : warning LNK4217: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported in function "public: __thiscall std::logic_error::logic_error(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (??0logic_error@std@@QAE@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@1@@Z)
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(propertyutil.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(SystemEnvironment.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(PersistenceClient.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)) imported
 1>ComponentY-Win32.lib(OrbException.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??1?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@XZ (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(void)) imported
 1>ComponentX-Win32.lib(MyOrgConsole.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??1?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@XZ (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(void)) imported
 1>ComponentX-Win32.lib(MyOrgThreadFactory.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??1?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@XZ (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(void)) imported
 1>ComponentX-Win32.lib(MyOrgConsoleSktServer.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??1?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@XZ (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(void)) imported
 1>ComponentY-Win32.lib(ORBSingleton.obj) : warning LNK4217: locally defined symbol ??1?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@XZ (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(void)) imported in function "public: virtual __thiscall OrbException::~OrbException(void)" (??1OrbException@@UAE@XZ)
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(XmlPreferencesHelper.obj) : warning LNK4049: locally defined symbol ??1?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@XZ (public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(void)) imported
 -- snip --
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(ServiceBootstrap.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::substr(unsigned int,unsigned int)const " (__imp_?substr@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBE?AV12@II@Z) referenced in function "private: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall ServiceBootstrap::trimmed(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (?trimmed@ServiceBootstrap@@AAE?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@ABV23@PBD@Z)
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(ServiceBootstrap.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: unsigned int __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::find_last_not_of(char const *,unsigned int,unsigned int)const " (__imp_?find_last_not_of@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBEIPBDII@Z) referenced in function "private: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall ServiceBootstrap::trimmed(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (?trimmed@ServiceBootstrap@@AAE?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@ABV23@PBD@Z)
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(ServiceBootstrap.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: unsigned int __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::find_first_not_of(char const *,unsigned int,unsigned int)const " (__imp_?find_first_not_of@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBEIPBDII@Z) referenced in function "private: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall ServiceBootstrap::trimmed(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (?trimmed@ServiceBootstrap@@AAE?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@ABV23@PBD@Z)
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(ServiceBootstrap.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (__imp_??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@PBD@Z) referenced in function "private: void __thiscall ServiceBootstrap::verifyBootstrapProperties(void)" (?verifyBootstrapProperties@ServiceBootstrap@@AAEXXZ)
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(PersistenceServiceProxy.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,char const *)" (__imp_??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@PBD@Z)
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(ServiceBootstrap.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (__imp_??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@0@Z) referenced in function "public: class std::map<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,struct std::less<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > >,class std::allocator<struct std::pair<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const ,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > > > > __thiscall ServiceBootstrap::getBootstrapProperties(void)" (?getBootstrapProperties@ServiceBootstrap@@QAE?AV?$map@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@V12@U?$less@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@2@V?$allocator@U?$pair@$$CBV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@V12@@std@@@2@@std@@XZ)
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(PersistenceServiceProxy.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (__imp_??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@0@Z)
 1>ComponentA-Win32.lib(propertyutil.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::_Mutex::_Lock(void)" (__imp_?_Lock@_Mutex@std@@QAEXXZ) referenced in function "public: __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Sentry_base::_Sentry_base(class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > &)" (??0_Sentry_base@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAE@AAV12@@Z)
 1>ComponentZ-Win32.lib(XmlHelper.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: void __thiscall std::_Mutex::_Lock(void)" (__imp_?_Lock@_Mutex@std@@QAEXXZ)
 -- snip --
 1>.\Debug/sComponentC.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 22 unresolved externals
 ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

visual-studio-2012 未解析的外部 lnk2019 c++ 标准库 stdstring

0赞 TheMathemagician 3/21/2013

尝试从 include 语句中删除任何 .h

2赞 Xaruth 3/21/2013

在项目属性中，将平台工具集设置为 VS2008 （v90）和正确的目录，具体取决于您的安装（即：include => C：\Program Files （x86）\Windows Kits\8.0\Include\shared;C：\Program Files （x86）\Windows Kits\8.0\Include\um;$（IncludePath）和 Libraries => C：\Program Files （x86）\Windows Kits\8.0\Lib\win8\um\x64;$（LibraryPath））。不要忘记在链接条目中设置 .lib。

0赞 buzz3791 3/21/2013

在谷歌搜索时，我看到了平台工具集技巧。在这家大公司中，无论谁为 MSVC++ 设置 MSI，似乎都没有包括 v90。因此，我的 MSBuild 文件夹只有 v10 的工具集定义。我会试着追查。或者，如果我能找出链接器问题，我就可以重新构建所有依赖项。

0赞 buzz3791 3/21/2013

>尝试从 include 语句中删除任何 .h，我没有看到任何 .h 是罪魁祸首的情况。我会继续寻找。

0赞 Per Lundberg 4/26/2013

类似问题：stackoverflow.com/questions/13634193/linker-error-lnk2001

答：

4赞 Sanjay Sundalgekar 11/20/2014 #1

在 properties->c/c++->Laguage 中，我将 TREAT wchar_t 设置为内置类型为否，它解决了我的问题。

2赞 Anvesh Yalamarthy 6/7/2017 #2

如果您已经尝试过以下选项：

通过手动添加对 exe 项目所依赖的静态 lib 项目的引用来更新 EXE 项目
切换“将wchar_t视为内置类型”选项

尝试通过以下步骤将项目配置为 x64：

右键单击Solution 'ProjectName'
选择Configuration Manager...
更改您尝试将 .lib 文件链接到的项目（反之亦然）platformx64Win32
重新生成解决方案

这实际上解决了我的问题。我不知道我的外部库是为 32 位还是 64 位编译的。

0赞 hema chandra 6/7/2017 #3

即使我在 Visual Studio 中也遇到过这种类型的错误。出现此类错误的原因是，

1）您可能包含了多个相互冲突的库。有时，库中的一个类可能会与其他库中的其他类发生冲突。

2）您可能已经包含目录中的库。再次检查库的路径。

3）您需要在项目属性中指定库和头文件（如果必须包含）。再次检查路径是否正确。

0赞 Adrian 3/31/2023 #4

这奏效了

cl.exe /nologo /W3 /EHsc  /MD /Ox /DNDEBUG    /I"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.35.32215\include" /I"C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" /c main.cpp /Foobj\Release\main.obj
link.exe /nologo /LIBPATH:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.35.32215\lib\x64" /LIBPATH:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22000.0\ucrt\x64" /LIBPATH:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22000.0\um\x64" /out:bin\Release\hw.exe msvcrt.lib msvcprt.lib obj\Release\main.obj  
main.cpp

也许它对某人有帮助。

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如何修复Visual Studio 2012错误LNK2019：无法解析的外部符号“__declspec（dllimport） public：class std：：basic_string？

How to Fix Visual Studio 2012 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: class std::basic_string?

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