在函数中使用参数，但事先未声明该参数

问：

欣赏这是一个简单的问题，

使用此处的教程 https://introml.analyticsdojo.com/notebooks/nb-04-10-pca.html

使用下面的代码。

当 df 和 dv 之前未声明时，它们如何用作函数中的参数？

感谢您的帮助

import os
import pandas as pd
train = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rpi-techfundamentals/spring2019-materials/master/input/train.csv')
test = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rpi-techfundamentals/spring2019-materials/master/input/test.csv')

print(train.columns, test.columns)

from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
import numpy as np

cat_features = ['Pclass', 'Sex', 'Embarked']
num_features =  [ 'Age', 'SibSp', 'Parch', 'Fare'  ]


def preprocess(df, num_features, cat_features, dv):
    features = cat_features + num_features
    if dv in df.columns:
      y = df[dv]
    else:
      y=None 
    #Address missing variables
    print("Total missing values before processing:", df[features].isna().sum().sum() )
  
    imp_mode = SimpleImputer(missing_values=np.nan, strategy='most_frequent')
    df[cat_features]=imp_mode.fit_transform(df[cat_features] )
    imp_mean = SimpleImputer(missing_values=np.nan, strategy='mean')
    df[num_features]=imp_mean.fit_transform(df[num_features])
    print("Total missing values after processing:", df[features].isna().sum().sum() )
   
    X = pd.get_dummies(df[features], columns=cat_features, drop_first=True)
    return y,X

y, X =  preprocess(train, num_features, cat_features, 'Survived')
test_y, test_X = preprocess(test, num_features, cat_features, 'Survived')