如何动态创建变量？[复制]

除非非常需要创建一堆变量名称，否则我只会使用字典，您可以在其中动态创建键名称并为每个键名称关联一个值。

a = {}
k = 0
while k < 10:
    # dynamically create key
    key = ...
    # calculate value
    value = ...
    a[key] = value 
    k += 1

collections 模块中也有一些有趣的数据结构可能适用。

globals（） 返回模块变量的字典。您可以通过在该字典上创建一个键来创建新变量：

# By default, a module has some hidden variables defined
print({k: v for k, v in globals().items() if not k.startswith("__")})

for i in range(1, 11):
    globals()[f"my_variable_{i}"] = i

print()
print(my_variable_1)
print(my_variable_2)
# and so on

print()
print({k: v for k, v in globals().items() if not k.startswith("__")})

结果：

{}

1
2

{'i': 10, 'my_variable_1': 1, 'my_variable_2': 2, 'my_variable_3': 3, 'my_variable_4': 4, 'my_variable_5': 5, 'my_variable_6': 6, 'my_variable_7': 7, 'my_variable_8': 8, 'my_variable_9': 9, 'my_variable_10': 10}

将内容填充到全局和/或本地命名空间中不是一个好主意。使用字典是如此的另一种语言...... 只是看起来很尴尬。Python 是 OO。用一位大师的话来说：“”命名空间是一个响亮的好主意——让我们做更多这样的想法！“””d['constant-key'] = value

喜欢这个：

>>> class Record(object):
...     pass
...
>>> r = Record()
>>> r.foo = 'oof'
>>> setattr(r, 'bar', 'rab')
>>> r.foo
'oof'
>>> r.bar
'rab'
>>> names = 'id description price'.split()
>>> values = [666, 'duct tape', 3.45]
>>> s = Record()
>>> for name, value in zip(names, values):
...     setattr(s, name, value)
...
>>> s.__dict__ # If you are suffering from dict withdrawal symptoms
{'price': 3.45, 'id': 666, 'description': 'duct tape'}
>>>

对于 free-dom：

import random

alphabet = tuple('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')

globkeys = globals().keys()
globkeys.append('globkeys') # because name 'globkeys' is now also in globals()

print 'globkeys==',globkeys
print
print "globals().keys()==",globals().keys()

for i in xrange(8):
    globals()[''.join(random.sample(alphabet,random.randint(3,26)))] = random.choice(alphabet)
del i

newnames = [ x for x in globals().keys() if x not in globkeys ]
print
print 'newnames==',newnames

print
print "globals().keys()==",globals().keys()

print
print '\n'.join(repr((u,globals()[u])) for u in newnames)

结果

globkeys== ['__builtins__', 'alphabet', 'random', '__package__', '__name__', '__doc__', 'globkeys']

globals().keys()== ['__builtins__', 'alphabet', 'random', '__package__', '__name__', 'globkeys', '__doc__']

newnames== ['fztkebyrdwcigsmulnoaph', 'umkfcvztleoij', 'kbutmzfgpcdqanrivwsxly', 'lxzmaysuornvdpjqfetbchgik', 'wznptbyermclfdghqxjvki', 'lwg', 'vsolxgkz', 'yobtlkqh']

globals().keys()== ['fztkebyrdwcigsmulnoaph', 'umkfcvztleoij', 'newnames', 'kbutmzfgpcdqanrivwsxly', '__builtins__', 'alphabet', 'random', 'lxzmaysuornvdpjqfetbchgik', '__package__', 'wznptbyermclfdghqxjvki', 'lwg', 'x', 'vsolxgkz', '__name__', 'globkeys', '__doc__', 'yobtlkqh']

('fztkebyrdwcigsmulnoaph', 't')
('umkfcvztleoij', 'p')
('kbutmzfgpcdqanrivwsxly', 'a')
('lxzmaysuornvdpjqfetbchgik', 'n')
('wznptbyermclfdghqxjvki', 't')
('lwg', 'j')
('vsolxgkz', 'w')
('yobtlkqh', 'c')

另一种方式：

import random

pool_of_names = []
for i in xrange(1000):
    v = 'LXM'+str(random.randrange(10,100000))
    if v not in globals():
        pool_of_names.append(v)

alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 

print 'globals().keys()==',globals().keys()

print
for j in xrange(8):
    globals()[pool_of_names[j]] = random.choice(alphabet)
newnames = pool_of_names[0:j+1]

print
print 'globals().keys()==',globals().keys()

print
print '\n'.join(repr((u,globals()[u])) for u in newnames)

结果：

globals().keys()== ['__builtins__', 'alphabet', 'random', '__package__', 'i', 'v', '__name__', '__doc__', 'pool_of_names']


globals().keys()== ['LXM7646', 'random', 'newnames', 'LXM95826', 'pool_of_names', 'LXM66380', 'alphabet', 'LXM84070', '__package__', 'LXM8644', '__doc__', 'LXM33579', '__builtins__', '__name__', 'LXM58418', 'i', 'j', 'LXM24703', 'v']

('LXM66380', 'v')
('LXM7646', 'a')
('LXM8644', 'm')
('LXM24703', 'r')
('LXM58418', 'g')
('LXM84070', 'c')
('LXM95826', 'e')
('LXM33579', 'j')

使用 exec（） 方法运行任意代码。例如，假设您有一个字典，并且想要将每个键转换为具有其原始字典值的变量，则可以执行以下操作：

>>> c = {"one": 1, "two": 2}
>>> for k, v in c.items():
...     exec(f"{k} = {v}")
... 
>>> one
1
>>> two
2

vars()['meta_anio_2012'] = 'translate'

关键字参数允许您将变量从一个函数传递到另一个函数。这样，您可以使用字典的键作为变量名称（可以在循环中填充）。字典名称只需要在调用时前面加上它。while**

# create a dictionary
>>> kwargs = {}
# add a key of name and assign it a value, later we'll use this key as a variable
>>> kwargs['name'] = 'python'

# an example function to use the variable
>>> def print_name(name):
...   print name

# call the example function
>>> print_name(**kwargs)
python

没有，只是一本字典：**kwargs

>>> print_name(kwargs)
{'name': 'python'}

注意：这应该被视为讨论而不是实际答案。

一种近似的方法是在要创建变量的模块中进行操作。例如，有一个：__main__b.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8


def set_vars():
    import __main__
    print '__main__', __main__
    __main__.B = 1

try:
    print B
except NameError as e:
    print e

set_vars()

print 'B: %s' % B

运行它将输出

$ python b.py
name 'B' is not defined
__main__ <module '__main__' from 'b.py'>
B: 1

但是这种方法只适用于单个模块脚本，因为它的导入将始终表示 python 正在执行的入口脚本的模块，这意味着如果涉及其他代码，则变量将在入口脚本的范围内创建，而不是在本身中创建。假设有一个脚本：__main__b.pyBb.pya.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

try:
    import b
except NameError as e:
    print e

print 'in a.py: B', B

运行它将输出

$ python a.py
name 'B' is not defined
__main__ <module '__main__' from 'a.py'>
name 'B' is not defined
in a.py: B 1

请注意，将更改为 .__main__'a.py'