提问人:Kumar KL 提问时间:6/4/2014 最后编辑:Wowbagger and his liquid lunchKumar KL 更新时间:5/8/2021 访问量:294441
dispatch_after - Swift 中的 GCD?
dispatch_after - GCD in Swift?
问:
我浏览了Apple的iBook,但找不到它的任何定义:
有人可以解释一下结构吗?dispatch_after
dispatch_after(<#when: dispatch_time_t#>, <#queue: dispatch_queue_t?#>, <#block: dispatch_block_t?#>)
答:
更清晰的结构概念:
dispatch_after(when: dispatch_time_t, queue: dispatch_queue_t, block: dispatch_block_t?)
dispatch_time_t
是一个 .实际上,该类型别名为 ,但您应该只使用熟悉的 GCD 方法来获取队列。该块是 Swift 闭包。具体来说,定义为 ,相当于 。UInt64
dispatch_queue_t
NSObject
dispatch_block_t
() -> Void
() -> ()
用法示例:
let delayTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(1 * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
dispatch_after(delayTime, dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
print("test")
}
编辑:
我建议使用 @matt 非常好的延迟
功能。
编辑2:
在 Swift 3 中,将为 GCD 提供新的包装器。请参阅此处:https://github.com/apple/swift-evolution/blob/master/proposals/0088-libdispatch-for-swift3.md
原始示例在 Swift 3 中编写如下:
let deadlineTime = DispatchTime.now() + .seconds(1)
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: deadlineTime) {
print("test")
}
请注意,您可以将声明编写为 并获得相同的结果,因为运算符被覆盖,如下所示(类似):deadlineTime
DispatchTime.now() + 1.0
+
-
func +(time: DispatchTime, seconds: Double) -> DispatchTime
func +(time: DispatchWalltime, interval: DispatchTimeInterval) -> DispatchWalltime
这意味着,如果您不使用 ,而只写一个数字,则假定您使用的是秒。DispatchTimeInterval
enum
评论
dispatch_after(1, dispatch_get_main_queue()) { println("test") }
1
dispatch_after(1, ...
1
dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(1 * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
Binary operator '+' cannot be applied to operands of type DispatchTime and '_'
let delayTime = DispatchTime.now() + .seconds(1.0)
DispatchTime.now() + 1.0
.seconds
)
斯威夫特 3+
这在 Swift 3+ 中非常简单和优雅:
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 4.5) {
// ...
}
较早的答案:
为了扩展 Cezary 的答案(将在 1 纳秒后执行),我必须执行以下操作才能在 4 秒半后执行。
let delay = 4.5 * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)
let time = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay))
dispatch_after(time, dispatch_get_main_queue(), block)
编辑:我发现我的原始代码略有错误。如果不将NSEC_PER_SEC转换为 Double,则隐式键入会导致编译错误。
如果有人能提出更优化的解决方案,我很想听听。
评论
dispatch_get_current_queue()
dispatch_get_main_queue()
dispatch_get_main_queue()
我经常使用,以至于我写了一个顶级实用程序函数来使语法更简单:dispatch_after
func delay(delay:Double, closure:()->()) {
dispatch_after(
dispatch_time(
DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,
Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC))
),
dispatch_get_main_queue(), closure)
}
现在你可以这样说话:
delay(0.4) {
// do stuff
}
哇,一种可以改进语言的语言。还有什么比这更好的呢?
Swift 3、Xcode 8 Seed 6 更新
似乎几乎不值得打扰,现在他们已经改进了调用语法:
func delay(_ delay:Double, closure:@escaping ()->()) {
let when = DispatchTime.now() + delay
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: when, execute: closure)
}
评论
func delayInSec(delay: Double) -> dispatch_time_t { return dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC))) }
return
1.0 ~~ { code...}
Matt 的语法非常好,如果你需要使块失效,你可能想使用这个:
typealias dispatch_cancelable_closure = (cancel : Bool) -> Void
func delay(time:NSTimeInterval, closure:()->Void) -> dispatch_cancelable_closure? {
func dispatch_later(clsr:()->Void) {
dispatch_after(
dispatch_time(
DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,
Int64(time * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC))
),
dispatch_get_main_queue(), clsr)
}
var closure:dispatch_block_t? = closure
var cancelableClosure:dispatch_cancelable_closure?
let delayedClosure:dispatch_cancelable_closure = { cancel in
if closure != nil {
if (cancel == false) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), closure!);
}
}
closure = nil
cancelableClosure = nil
}
cancelableClosure = delayedClosure
dispatch_later {
if let delayedClosure = cancelableClosure {
delayedClosure(cancel: false)
}
}
return cancelableClosure;
}
func cancel_delay(closure:dispatch_cancelable_closure?) {
if closure != nil {
closure!(cancel: true)
}
}
用途如下
let retVal = delay(2.0) {
println("Later")
}
delay(1.0) {
cancel_delay(retVal)
}
上面的链接似乎已关闭。来自 Github 的原始 Objc 代码
评论
performSelector:afterDelay:
dispatch_source_t
另一种方法是像这样扩展 Double:
extension Double {
var dispatchTime: dispatch_time_t {
get {
return dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,Int64(self * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
}
}
}
然后你可以像这样使用它:
dispatch_after(Double(2.0).dispatchTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), { () -> Void in
self.dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
})
我喜欢 matt 的延迟函数,但出于偏好,我宁愿限制传递闭包。
Apple 有一个 Objective-C 的dispatch_after片段:
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(<#delayInSeconds#> * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
<#code to be executed after a specified delay#>
});
以下是移植到 Swift 3 的相同代码段:
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + <#delayInSeconds#>) {
<#code to be executed after a specified delay#>
}
使用此代码在 2.0 秒后执行一些与 UI 相关的任务。
let delay = 2.0
let delayInNanoSeconds = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
let mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue()
dispatch_after(delayInNanoSeconds, mainQueue, {
print("Some UI related task after delay")
})
Swift 3.0 版本
在闭包函数之后,在主线程上延迟后执行一些任务。
func performAfterDelay(delay : Double, onCompletion: @escaping() -> Void){
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + delay, execute: {
onCompletion()
})
}
像这样调用此函数:
performAfterDelay(delay: 4.0) {
print("test")
}
评论
1) 将此方法添加为 UIViewController 扩展的一部分。
extension UIViewController{
func runAfterDelay(delay: NSTimeInterval, block: dispatch_block_t) {
let time = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
dispatch_after(time, dispatch_get_main_queue(), block)
}
}
在 VC 上调用此方法:
self.runAfterDelay(5.0, block: {
//Add code to this block
print("run After Delay Success")
})
2)
performSelector("yourMethod Name", withObject: nil, afterDelay: 1)
3)
override func viewWillAppear(animated: Bool) {
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 2), dispatch_get_main_queue(), { () -> () in
//Code Here
})
紧凑的外形
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 2), dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
//Code here
}
}
虽然不是 OP 的原始问题,但某些相关问题已被标记为该问题的重复项,因此值得在此处包含答案。NSTimer
NSTimer
NSTimer
与dispatch_after
NSTimer
是更高级别的,而是更低的级别。dispatch_after
NSTimer
更容易取消。取消需要编写更多代码。dispatch_after
延迟任务NSTimer
创建实例。NSTimer
var timer = NSTimer()
以您需要的延迟启动计时器。
// invalidate the timer if there is any chance that it could have been called before
timer.invalidate()
// delay of 2 seconds
timer = NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(2.0, target: self, selector: #selector(delayedAction), userInfo: nil, repeats: false)
添加一个要在延迟后调用的函数(使用您用于上述参数的任何名称)。selector
func delayedAction() {
print("Delayed action has now started."
}
笔记
- 如果需要在操作发生之前取消操作,只需调用 。
timer.invalidate()
- 对于重复操作,请使用 .
repeats: true
如果您有一个不需要取消的一次性事件,则无需创建实例变量。以下几点就足够了:
timer
NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(2.0, target: self, selector: #selector(delayedAction), userInfo: nil, repeats: false)
在这里查看我更完整的答案。
另一个延迟代码的帮助程序,它是 100% Swift 使用的,并且可以选择选择不同的线程来运行延迟的代码:
public func delay(bySeconds seconds: Double, dispatchLevel: DispatchLevel = .main, closure: @escaping () -> Void) {
let dispatchTime = DispatchTime.now() + seconds
dispatchLevel.dispatchQueue.asyncAfter(deadline: dispatchTime, execute: closure)
}
public enum DispatchLevel {
case main, userInteractive, userInitiated, utility, background
var dispatchQueue: DispatchQueue {
switch self {
case .main: return DispatchQueue.main
case .userInteractive: return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInteractive)
case .userInitiated: return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated)
case .utility: return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .utility)
case .background: return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background)
}
}
}
现在,您只需在主线程上延迟代码,如下所示:
delay(bySeconds: 1.5) {
// delayed code
}
如果要将代码延迟到其他线程:
delay(bySeconds: 1.5, dispatchLevel: .background) {
// delayed code that will run on background thread
}
如果您更喜欢具有一些更方便功能的框架,请查看 HandySwift。您可以通过 Carthage 将其添加到您的项目中,然后完全按照上面的示例使用它,例如:
import HandySwift
delay(bySeconds: 1.5) {
// delayed code
}
在 Swift 3.0 中
调度队列
DispatchQueue(label: "test").async {
//long running Background Task
for obj in 0...1000 {
print("async \(obj)")
}
// UI update in main queue
DispatchQueue.main.async(execute: {
print("UI update on main queue")
})
}
DispatchQueue(label: "m").sync {
//long running Background Task
for obj in 0...1000 {
print("sync \(obj)")
}
// UI update in main queue
DispatchQueue.main.sync(execute: {
print("UI update on main queue")
})
}
5秒后发货
DispatchQueue.main.after(when: DispatchTime.now() + 5) {
print("Dispatch after 5 sec")
}
Swift 3.0 & Swift 4.0 和 Swift 5.0 中最简单的解决方案
func delayWithSeconds(_ seconds: Double, completion: @escaping () -> ()) {
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + seconds) {
completion()
}
}
用法
delayWithSeconds(1) {
//Do something
}
Swift 3.0 版本
在闭包函数之后,在主线程上延迟后执行一些任务。
func performAfterDelay(delay : Double, onCompletion: @escaping() -> Void){
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + delay, execute: {
onCompletion()
})
}
像这样调用此函数:
performAfterDelay(delay: 4.0) {
print("test")
}
这对我有用。
斯威夫特 3:
let time1 = 8.23
let time2 = 3.42
// Delay 2 seconds
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 2.0) {
print("Sum of times: \(time1 + time2)")
}
目标-C:
CGFloat time1 = 3.49;
CGFloat time2 = 8.13;
// Delay 2 seconds
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
CGFloat newTime = time1 + time2;
NSLog(@"New time: %f", newTime);
});
现在不仅仅是 Swift 中 Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) 中异步调度的语法糖。
添加 Podfile
pod 'AsyncSwift'
然后,你可以像这样使用它。
let seconds = 3.0
Async.main(after: seconds) {
print("Is called after 3 seconds")
}.background(after: 6.0) {
print("At least 3.0 seconds after previous block, and 6.0 after Async code is called")
}
评论
我总是更喜欢使用扩展而不是免费功能。
斯威夫特 4
public extension DispatchQueue {
private class func delay(delay: TimeInterval, closure: @escaping () -> Void) {
let when = DispatchTime.now() + delay
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: when, execute: closure)
}
class func performAction(after seconds: TimeInterval, callBack: @escaping (() -> Void) ) {
DispatchQueue.delay(delay: seconds) {
callBack()
}
}
}
使用方法如下。
DispatchQueue.performAction(after: 0.3) {
// Code Here
}
Swift 4 有一个非常简短的方法:
Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: 2, repeats: false) { (timer) in
// Your stuff here
print("hello")
}
斯威夫特 3 和 4:
您可以在 DispatchQueue 上创建一个扩展,并添加函数延迟,该函数在内部使用 DispatchQueue asyncAfter 函数
extension DispatchQueue {
static func delay(_ delay: DispatchTimeInterval, closure: @escaping () -> ()) {
let timeInterval = DispatchTime.now() + delay
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: timeInterval, execute: closure)
}
}
用:
DispatchQueue.delay(.seconds(1)) {
print("This is after delay")
}
在 swift 中使用 asyncAfter 延迟 GCD 调用
let delayQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.theappmaker.in", qos: .userInitiated)
let additionalTime: DispatchTimeInterval = .seconds(2)
我们可以延迟为**微秒、毫秒、纳秒
delayQueue.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.60) {
print(Date())
}
delayQueue.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + additionalTime) {
print(Date())
}
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(10 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
// ...
});
该函数采用三个参数:dispatch_after(_:_:_:)
延迟
、调度队列
、阻塞或关闭
该函数调用调度队列上的块或闭包,该队列在给定延迟后传递给函数。请注意,延迟是使用该函数创建的。请记住这一点,因为我们也在 Swift 中使用了这个函数。dispatch_after(_:_:_:)
dispatch_time(_:_:)
我建议阅读教程 Raywenderlich Dispatch 教程
对于多个功能,请使用它。这对于将动画或活动加载器用于静态函数或任何 UI 更新非常有帮助。
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.9) {
// Call your function 1
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) {
// Call your function 2
}
}
例如 - 在重新加载 tableView 之前使用动画。或动画之后的任何其他 UI 更新。
*// Start your amination*
self.startAnimation()
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.9) {
*// The animation will execute depending on the delay time*
self.stopAnimation()
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) {
*// Now update your view*
self.fetchData()
self.updateUI()
}
}
在 Swift 4 中
使用此代码片段:
let delayInSec = 1.0
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delayInSec) {
// code here
print("It works")
}
评论
以下是 Swift 中 asyncAfter 的同步版本:
let deadline = DispatchTime.now() + .seconds(3)
let semaphore = DispatchSemaphore.init(value: 0)
DispatchQueue.global().asyncAfter(deadline: deadline) {
dispatchPrecondition(condition: .onQueue(DispatchQueue.global()))
semaphore.signal()
}
semaphore.wait()
与异步一起:
let deadline = DispatchTime.now() + .seconds(3)
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: deadline) {
dispatchPrecondition(condition: .onQueue(DispatchQueue.global()))
}
在 Swift 5 中,使用如下:
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.2, execute: closure)
// time gap, specify unit is second
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + .seconds(2)) {
Singleton.shared().printDate()
}
// default time gap is second, you can reduce it
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.2) {
// just do it!
}
若要在延迟后执行函数或代码,请使用 next 方法
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 'secondsOfDelay') {
your code here...
}
示例 - 在此示例中,函数将在 1 秒后执行getShowMovies
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1) {
self.getShowMovies()
}
保留 !current queue
除了这个问题的良好答案之外,您还可以考虑保留当前队列,以防止不必要的主队列操作(例如,当您尝试延迟某些异步操作时)。
func after(_ delay: TimeInterval,
perform block: @escaping ()->(),
on queue: DispatchQueue = OperationQueue.current?.underlyingQueue ?? .main) { // So this `queue` preserves the current queue and defaulted to the `main`. Also the caller can pass in the desired queue explicitly
queue.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delay, execute: block)
}
用法:
after(3) {
// will be executed on the caller's queue
print(Date())
}
评论