在 R 中使用日期和时间填充时间序列中的缺失点-解网

问：

我有一个数据集，其中包含超过 3 个月的数据，每 6 小时一个点。所以我一天有 4 个数据点。我有一些仪器问题的漏洞。没有数据点没关系，但我需要有时间序列中缺失的点，也有一个 NaN 值。我不知道如何填补这个空间。我简要地介绍了这个结构

structure(list(Datetime = structure(c(1688085261, 1688106892, 
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2898L, 2907L), class = "data.frame")

因此，如果我没有一天，我需要以相同的速度（每 6 小时一个点）填充当天的时间进度。例如在这一点上

423  2023-07-10 18:45:13 3.2759427 2.1072916
432  2023-07-11 00:45:46 2.5189064 1.9966860
441  2023-07-11 06:46:19 2.6096793 3.0982608
450  2023-07-11 12:46:50 2.8606876 2.7677365
459  2023-07-11 18:47:23 3.0365785 4.8854730
469  2023-07-13 14:03:20 3.8710871 2.1697013
478  2023-07-13 20:03:52 2.9692535 1.5098549
487  2023-07-14 02:04:06 2.2605399 2.2984534
496  2023-07-14 08:04:56 2.7019067 2.9919973
505  2023-07-14 12:33:19 3.0192105 2.7995553
514  2023-07-14 18:33:50 2.5321319 1.8795813

如您所见，我在时间序列中没有 2023-07-12，也没有 2023-07-13 的 4 分

我只用日期解决了它，是我无法复制的每小时和平。

F3MC_New=F3MC %>%
  mutate(Datetime = as.Date(Datetime)) %>%
  complete(Datetime = seq.Date(min(Datetime), max(Datetime), by="day" ))

使用此代码，我可以填充缺失的日期，但只需一个点，每天复制 4 个点。所以我有一行来替换缺失的一天 2023-07-12，代码没有替换 2023-07-13 的两个缺失点。

我与你分享结果。

structure(list(Datetime = structure(c(19538, 19538, 19538, 19538, 
19539, 19539, 19539, 19539, 19540, 19540, 19540, 19540, 19541, 
19541, 19541, 19541, 19542, 19542, 19542, 19542, 19543, 19543, 
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19619, 19620, 19620, 19620, 19620, 19621, 19621, 19621, 19621, 
19622, 19622, 19622, 19622), class = "Date"), CO2_B = c(2.37945844, 
2.78306944, 3.24037287, 2.58560516, 2.47793123, 3.03796434, 2.60713745, 
2.49864698, 2.29261307, 3.05987591, 3.1408233, 3.00164821, 2.56353669, 
2.48692118, 2.9811499, 2.72509617, 2.48637517, 2.45202609, 3.11129387, 
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3.27594268, 2.51890644, 2.60967934, 2.86068756, 3.03657847, NA, 
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3.10237654, 2.27145523, 1.70796403, 1.73201743, 2.71681306, 2.03476082, 
1.48967509, 1.72776782, 5.80509668, 2.53615895, 1.88053425, NA, 
NA, 2.50256044, 1.95910795, 1.80056076, 2.43353352, 2.23639009, 
1.87980749, 1.7507009, 2.3330964, 2.34117314, 1.72878793, 1.54777574, 
5.59039136, 2.5059594, 1.80363684, 1.64019157, 2.75825295, 2.48766937, 
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1.2162714, 1.24668617, 3.08377973, 1.83578199, 1.15928302, 1.20659348, 
2.48603655, 1.94650247, 1.41442428, 1.3437734, 2.48735207, 1.85275679, 
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1.38524289, 5.50343451, 5.52773172, 1.89779437, 1.36443464, 1.23105911, 
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1.44953307, 1.34242726, 2.01983618, 2.14082141), CO2_C = c(2.24160596, 
2.42278855, 2.48573403, 2.31948849, 2.29890391, 2.36781003, 2.20390185, 
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1.66733529, 1.7423732, 1.50556735, 1.61367568, 1.62600443, 1.66443, 
2.02318432)), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"), row.names = c(NA, 
-323L))

有什么帮助吗？谢谢

R 日期时间时间序列

0赞 Peter 11/16/2023

请包括您的代码和数据，以使问题可重现，谢谢。dput(your_data)

0赞 Antonio Manco 11/16/2023

我已经包含数据了吗？不？关于代码，我没有要包含的代码。代码是我在这篇文章中要问的。

0赞 Peter 11/16/2023

如果将的输出粘贴到问题中，则数据更容易使用，因为可以轻松复制数据以测试和验证可能的解决方案。dput(your_data)

0赞 Antonio Manco 11/16/2023

我想我现在做到了！

0赞 Peter 11/16/2023

谢谢，现在列出你到目前为止尝试过的代码，这样我们就可以看看你有什么编码问题。并推动探索解决方案。

答：

1赞 Friede 11/16/2023 #1

我有一些仪器问题的漏洞。没有数据点没关系，但我需要有时间序列中缺失的点，也有一个 NaN 值

{zoo}就是为此而生的。我将展示如何操作，但首先让我们看一下提到的日期：

library(dplyr)
library(lubridate)
data |> 
  mutate(Date = lubridate::date(Datetime)) |>
  filter(Date == "2023-07-12")
[1] Datetime CO2_B    CO2_C    Date    
<0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)

它不见了。

建议的方法：

library(zoo)
data$Datetime <- lubridate::floor_date(data$Datetime, unit = "hours") # (0)
data <- zoo::read.zoo(data) # (1)
artificial_ts <- zoo::zoo(, seq(
  from = min(time(data)), to =  max(time(data)), by = "6 hour")) # (2)
data <- merge(data, artificial_ts) # (3)
data <- zoo::fortify.zoo(data) # (4)

解释

（0）我们需要对现有时间序列进行基础测试，以便在将观测到的时间序列与人工时间序列合并时，后者不会引入额外的观测值，这将导致每天的观测值超过四次。（1）逐个班级的胁迫。（2）根据、和“每 6 小时”的信息创建合成时间序列。（3）合并，以便添加缺失的行。（4）强制返回您喜欢的类，其中重命名为。Datetimesdatadata.framezooartificial_tsmin(Datetime)max(Datetime)dataartificial_tsdatadata.frameDatetimeIndex

“2023-07-12”的结果：

> data |> 
+   mutate(Date = lubridate::date(Index)) |>
+   filter(Date == "2023-07-12")
                Index CO2_B CO2_C       Date
1 2023-07-12 00:00:00    NA    NA 2023-07-12
2 2023-07-12 06:00:00    NA    NA 2023-07-12
3 2023-07-12 12:00:00    NA    NA 2023-07-12
4 2023-07-12 18:00:00    NA    NA 2023-07-12

如果您愿意，可以使用替换 .从：zoo::na.locf()NA?zoo::na.locf()

用于将每个 NA 替换为之前的最新非 NA 的通用函数。

数据：

# OP's unprocessed data
data <- structure(list(Datetime = structure(c(1688085261, 1688106892, 
1688128522, 1688150134, 1688171767, 1688193399, 1688215049, 1688236681, 
1688258314, 1688279926, 1688301559, 1688323191, 1688344840, 1688366455, 
1688388103, 1688409734, 1688431365, 1688452997, 1688474627, 1688496259, 
1688517891, 1688539524, 1688561156, 1688582787, 1688604419.99, 
1688626053, 1688647685, 1688669317, 1688690950, 1688712587, 1688733483, 
1688755133, 1688776766, 1688798398, 1688820030, 1688841661, 1688863294, 
1688884924, 1688906556, 1688928169, 1688949819, 1688971432, 1688993082, 
1689014713, 1689036346, 1689057979, 1689079610, 1689101243, 1689257000, 
1689278632, 1689300246, 1689321896, 1689337999, 1689359630, 1689381261, 
1689402892, 1689424523, 1689446153, 1689467782, 1689489414, 1689511045, 
1689532676, 1689554309, 1689575940, 1689597573, 1689619206, 1689640840, 
1689662473, 1689684106, 1689705738, 1689727361, 1689748985, 1689770607, 
1689792230, 1689813854, 1689835477, 1689857100, 1689878723, 1689900345, 
1689921967, 1689943572, 1689965213, 1689986837.99, 1690008462, 
1690030086, 1690051709, 1690073331, 1690094955, 1690116576, 1690138201, 
1690159826, 1690181450, 1690203073, 1690224697, 1690246305, 1690267944, 
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1690418126, 1690439749, 1690461199, 1690482831, 1690504465, 1690526103, 
1690547736, 1690569369, 1690591003, 1690612636, 1690634268, 1690655901, 
1690677534, 1690699166, 1690720796, 1690742427, 1690764059, 1690785689, 
1690807322, 1690828954, 1690850584, 1690872215, 1690893848, 1690915480, 
1690937095, 1690958742, 1690980376, 1691002005, 1691023638, 1691045253, 
1691066885, 1691088537, 1691110169, 1691131802, 1691153434, 1691175067, 
1691196697, 1691218311, 1691239961, 1691261594, 1691283226, 1691304859, 
1691326490, 1691348122, 1691369739, 1691391389, 1691413021, 1691434635, 
1691456285, 1691477916, 1691499549, 1691521180, 1691542794, 1691564444, 
1691586077, 1691607710, 1691629327, 1691650977, 1691672609, 1691694241, 
1691715875, 1691737491, 1691759123, 1691780773, 1691802407, 1691824041, 
1691845674, 1691867307, 1691888922, 1691910555, 1691932206, 1691953839, 
1691975471, 1691997103, 1692018718, 1692040368, 1692062001, 1692083634, 
1692105267, 1692126899.99, 1692148531, 1692170164, 1692191798, 
1692213431, 1692235063, 1692256695, 1692278328, 1692299962, 1692321596, 
1692642800, 1692664436, 1692686067, 1692707696, 1692729328, 1692750958, 
1692772590, 1692794223, 1692815854, 1692837485, 1692859117, 1692880749, 
1692902382, 1692924015, 1692945647, 1692967279, 1692988911, 1693010525, 
1693032174, 1693053804, 1693075435, 1693097048, 1693118703, 1693140342, 
1693161975, 1693183614, 1693205253, 1693226890, 1693248522, 1693270156, 
1693291789, 1693313426, 1693335058, 1693356690, 1693378323, 1693399957, 
1693421589, 1693443226, 1693464864, 1693486501, 1693508133, 1693529769, 
1693551412, 1693573050, 1693594686, 1693616322, 1693637940, 1693659594, 
1693681231, 1693702868, 1693724505, 1693746144, 1693767781, 1693789420, 
1693811058, 1693832701, 1693854333, 1693875986, 1693897645, 1693916439, 
1693938090, 1693959742, 1693981383, 1694003035, 1694024676, 1694046329, 
1694067987, 1694089639, 1694111272, 1694132927, 1694154565, 1694176210, 
1694197864, 1694219510, 1694241147, 1694262802, 1694284443, 1694306095, 
1694327742, 1694349380, 1694371023, 1694392679, 1694414325, 1694435968, 
1694457612, 1694479259, 1694500913, 1694522564, 1694544211, 1694565856, 
1694587510, 1694609156, 1694630795, 1694652450, 1694674087, 1694695732, 
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0赞 Antonio Manco 11/17/2023

谢谢@Friede，我不知道这个包。这几乎没问题，它填补了缺失的日期，但我不明白为什么每个现有的日期时间都重复两次，以 4 个点为单位。我给你看'''索引 CO2_B CO2_C 1 2023-06-30 00：34：21 2.379458 2.2416060 2 2023-06-30 06：34：21 2.379458 2.2416060 3 2023-06-30 06：34：52 2.783069 2.4227885 4 2023-06-30 12：34：21 2.783069 2.4227885 5 2023-06-30 12：35：22 3.240373 2.4857340 6 2023-06-30 18：34：21 3.240373 2.4857340 7 2023-06-30 18：35：34 2.585605 2.3194885 ''' 我不明白为什么以及在代码的哪一行。

0赞 Friede 11/17/2023

请参阅我最近的更新。

0赞 Antonio Manco 11/17/2023

现在它工作了！多谢！

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在 R 中使用日期和时间填充时间序列中的缺失点

Filling missing points in a timeseries with Date and Time in R

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