在 R 中从类似 xml 的文件中提取和结构化数据

Extracting and structuring data from a xml-like file in R

提问人：yeahman269 提问时间：8/2/2023 最后编辑：Parfaityeahman269 更新时间：8/8/2023 访问量：23

问：

我想通过 R 利用此文件中的信息。

它看起来像一个XML文件，但标准将返回一个错误（我假设这与实例的属性具有多个值的事实有关。XML::xmlToDataFrame()<Nationality>

我基本上的目标是创建一个简单的数据框，将属性作为列（Country、CountryCode、CountryName、...、Nationality、Capital 等）和行中的国家/地区，并在必要时使用“，在单个元素中折叠多个值（例如，对于国籍）。

一个列表，其中每个元素都是一个国家，然后它的每个元素都是属性，也可以。

请问我们如何在 R 中实现这一目标？

[编辑]根据用户要求添加文件提取（删除标题中的注释，并提供单个国家/地区）：Parfait

<Doc>Version: CountryInfo.140728.txt</Doc>
<Country>
<CountryCode>AFG</CountryCode>
<CountryName>AFGHANISTAN</CountryName>
<COW-Alpha>AFG</COW-Alpha>
<COW-Numeric>700</COW-Numeric>
<FIPS-10>AF</FIPS-10>
<IMF>512</IMF>
<ISO3166-alpha2>AF</ISO3166-alpha2>
<ISO3166-numeric>004</ISO3166-numeric>
<ISO3166-alpha3>AFG</ISO3166-alpha3>
<Nationality>
    AFGHAN_
    AFGANISTAN_
    AFGHANESTAN_
    AFGHANSITAN_
    DOWLAT_E_ESLAMI_YE_AFGHANESTAN_
    SOVIET_OCCUPIED_AFGHANISTAN_
    AFGAHANISTAN_
    AFGHANASTAN_
    AFGANHISTAN_
    AFGHINASTAN_
    AFFGHANISTAN_
    THE_GRAVEYARD_OF_EMPIRES_
    AFGJANISTAN_
    AFEGANISTAO_
    CHAPARHAR_
</Nationality>
<Capital>
    KABUL_
</Capital>
<MajorCities>
    HERAT_
    JALALABAD_
    KANDAHAR_
    QANDAHAR_
    MAZAR-I-SHARIF_
</MajorCities>
<Leaders>
    <Kings>
        MOHAMMAD_ZAHIR_SHAH_                [19331108 - 19730717]  [B:19140101]  [D:20070723]
    </Kings>
    <Chairman of the military council>
        ABDUL_QADIR_                        [19780427 - 19780430]  [B:19440101]
    </Chairman of the military council>
    <Presidents of the revolutionary council>
        NUR_MOHAMMAD_TARAKI_                [19780430 - 19790916]  [B:19170101]  [D:19790914]
        HAFIZULLAH_AMIN_                    [19790916 - 19791227]  [B:19290101]  [D:19791227]
        BABRAK_KARMAL_                      [19791227 - 19861124]
        HAJI_MOHAMMAD_CHAMKANI_             [19861124 - 19870930]  [B:19470101]
        MOHAMMAD_NAJIBULLAH_                [19870930 - 19871130]
    </Presidents of the revolutionary council>
    <President>
        SARDAR_MOHAMMAD_DAUD_KHAN_          [19730717 - 19780427]  [B:19090101]  [D:19780428]
        MOHAMMAD_NAJIBULLAH_                [19871130 - 19920416]
        ABDUL_RAHIM_HATEF_                  [19920416 - 19920428]  [B:19260101]
        SIBGHATULLAH_MOJADEDI_              [19920428 - 19920628]  [B:19250101]
        BURHANUDDIN_RABBANI_                [19920628 - 19960927]  [B:19400101]
        BURHANUDDIN_RABBANI_                [20011113 - 20011222]
        HAMID_KARZAI_                       [>20011222]  [B:19570101]
    </President>
    <Heads of the supreme council>
        MULLAH_MOHAMMAD_RABBANI_                [19960927 - 20010416]  [B:19560101]  [D:20000421]
        MAWLAWI_ABDUL_KABIR_                    [20010416 - 20011113]
    </Heads of the supreme council>
    <Prime ministers>
        MOHAMMAD_NUR_AHMAD_ETEMADI_         [19671101 - 19710609]  [B:19210101]  [D:19790801]
        ABDUL_ZAHIR_                        [19710609 - 19721212]  [B:19100101]  [D:19820101]
        MOHAMMAD_MUSA_SHAFIQ_               [19721212 - 19730717]  [B:19320101]  [D:19790101]
        NUR_MOHAMMAD_TARAKI_                [19780501 - 19790327]
        HAFIZULLAH_AMIN_                    [19790327 - 19791227]
        BABRAK_KARMAL_                      [19791227 - 19810611] 
        SULTAN_ALI_KESHTMAND_               [19810611 - 19880526]  [B:19350101]
        MOHAMMAD_HASSAN_SHARQ_              [19880526 - 19890221]  [B:19250101]
        SULTAN_ALI_KESHTMAND_               [19890221 - 19900508]
        FAZAL_HAQ_KHALIQYAR_                    [19900508 - 19920415]  [B:19340101]  [D:20040716]
        ABDUL_SABUR_FARID_KUHESTANI_            [19920706 - 19920815]  [B:19520101]  [D:20070503]
        GULBUDDIN_HEKMATYAR_                    [19930617 - 19940628]  [B:19470101]
        ARSALA_RAHMANI_                     [19941101 - 19950101]  [B:19370101]
        AHMAD_SHAH_AHMADZAI_                    [19950101 - 19960626]  [B:19440101]
        GULBUDDIN_HEKMATYAR_                    [19960626 - 19960927]
        ABDUL_RAHIM_GHAFOORZAI_             [19970811 - 19970821]  [D:19970821]
    </Prime ministers>
</Leaders>
<Government>
    ABDULLAH_RAMIN_ [AFGGOVAGR 20050101 - 20050331] # Minister of Agriculture
    ABDULLAH_WARDAK_    [AFGGOV <20041231]  # Minister of Martyrs and Disabled
    ABDUL_ALI_  [AFGGOV <20040931]  # Minister of Public Works
    ABDUL_AZIMI_    [AFGGOVJUD 20061001 - 20070531] # Chief Justice, Supreme Court
    ABDUL_HADI_ARGHANDIWAL_ [AFGGOV >20100201]  # Minister of Economy
    ABDUL_KARIM_BARAWI_ [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20060531]    # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs
    ABDUL_KARIM_BRAHAWI_    [AFGGOVREF 20090701 - 20100331] # Minister of Refugees and Repatriation
    ABDUL_KARIM_KHALILI_    [AFGGOV >20030101]  # Vice President
    ABDUL_KARIM_KHURAM_ [AFGGOVMED 20061001 - 20100131] # Minister of Youth and Culture
    ABDUL_QADIR_FITRAT_ [AFGGOVBUS >20071201]   # Governor, Central Bank
    ABDUL_QODUS_HAMIDI_ [AFGGOV >20100701]  # Minister of Public Works
    ABDUL_RAHIM_KARIMI_ [AFGGOVJUD <20041231]   # Minister of Justice
    ABDUL_RAHIM_WARDAK_ [AFGGOVMIL >20050101]   # Minister of Defense
    ACTING_MINISTER_ABDUL_RAHIM_    [AFGGOVREF 20100401 - 20100631] # Minister of Refugees and Repatriation "Acting"
    AHMAD_MOQBEL_ZARAR_ [AFGGOV 20051101 - 20060531][AFGGOV 20070401 - 20081031][AFGGOVCOP >20100201]   # Minister of Interior & Minister of Counternarcotics
    AHMAD_MOSHAHED_ [AFGGOVEDU 20041001 - 20041231] # Minister of Education
    AHMAD_YUSUF_NURISTANI_  [AFGGOVAGR <20041231]   # Minister of Irrigation and Environment
    AHMAD_ZIA_MASOOD_   [AFGGOV 20050201 - 20091231]    # Vice President
    AKBAR_AKBAR_    [AFGGOVREF 20060601 - 20071131] # Minister of Refugees
    ALI_AHMAD_JALALI_   [AFGGOV 20031001 - 20051031]    # Minister of Interior
    AMENA_AFZALI_   [AFGGOV 20050201 - 20060531][AFGGOVLAB >20100201]   # Minister of Youth & Minister of Martyred, Disabled, Labor, and Social Affairs
    AMINA_AFZALI_   [AFGGOV 20050201 - 20060531][AFGGOVLAB >20100201]   # Minister of Youth & Minister of Martyred, Disabled, Labor, and Social Affairs
    AMIRZAI_SANGIN_ [AFGGOVMED >20050101]   # Minister of Communications
    ANWAR_UL_HAQ_AHADY_ [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20090231][AFGGOVBUS 20031001 - 20041231][AFGGOVBUS >20100701]    # Minister of Finance & Governor, Central Bank & Minister of Commerce and Industry
    ARSALA_JAMAL_   [AFGGOV 20100401 - 20100631]    # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs "Acting"
    ASADULLAH_KHALID_   [AFGGOV 20090101 - 20100331][AFGGOV >20100701]  # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs
    ASHRAF_GHANI_   [AFGGOV <20041231]  # Minister of Finance
    ASIF_RAHIMI_    [AFGGOVAGR >20081101]   # Minister of Agriculture
    AZAM_DADFAR_    [AFGGOVREF 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Refugees
    BISMILLAH_BISMEL_   [AFGGOVBUS 20040601 - 20041231] # Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism
    BISMULLAH_MUHAMMADI_KHAN_   [AFGGOV >20100701]  # Minister of Interior
    DAOUD_ALI_NAJAFI_   [AFGGOVBUS >20100801]   # Minister of Transportation "Acting"
    EHSAN_ZIA_  [AFGGOVAGR 20060601 - 20100131] # Minister of Rural Development
    ENAYATOLLAH_QASEMI_ [AFGGOVBUS 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Transport
    ENAYATULLAH_NAZERI_ [AFGGOVREF <20041231]   # Minister of Refugee Affairs
    FAISAL_AHMAD_SHINWARI_  [AFGGOVJUD <20060931]   # Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
    FARUQ_WARDAK_   [AFGGOVEDU >20081101]   # Minister of Education
    FOREIGN_MINISTER_ABDULLAH_  [AFGGOV <20060531]  # Minister of Foreign Affairs
    GHULAM_MOHAMMAD_AILAQ_  [AFGGOVBUS 20100401 - 20100631] # Minister of Commerce and Industry "Acting"
    GUL_AGHA_SHIRZAI_   [AFGGOVDEV 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Urban Development
    HABIBA_SORABI_  [AFGGOVHRI <20041231]   # Minister of Womens Affairs
    HABIBULLAH_GHALEB_  [AFGGOVJUD >20100201]   # Minister of Justice
    HABIBULLAH_QADERI_  [AFGGOVCOP 20050101 - 20070931] # Minister of Counternarcotics
    HAKIM_TANIWAL_  [AFGGOVBUS 20040601 - 20041231] # Minister of Mines and Industries
    HAMIDOLLAH_FARUQI_  [AFGGOVBUS 20090301 - 20100331] # Minister of Transportation "Acting"
    HAMIDULLAH_QADERI_  [AFGGOVBUS 20080401 - 20081231] # Minister of Transportation
    HASAN_BANO_GHAZANFAR_   [AFGGOVHRI >20061001]   # Minister of Womens Affairs
    HEDAYAT_AMIN_ARSALA_    [AFGGOV <20050131][AFGGOVBUS 20050201 - 20060531]   # Vice President & Minister of Commerce
    IBRAHIM_ADEL_   [AFGGOVBUS 20060601 - 20100131] # Minister of Mines and Industries
    ISHAQ_SHAHRYAR_ [AFGGOV <20030931]  # Ambassador to the US 
    ISMAIL_KHAN_    [AFGGOVBUS >20050101]   # Minister of Energy, Water, and Power
    JAMAHIR_ANWARI_ [AFGGOVREF >20100701]   # Minister of Refugees and Repatriation
    JARULLAH_MANSOORI_  [AFGGOVAGR >20100201]   # Minister of Rural Rehabilitation and Development
    JUMA_MOHAMMAD_MOHAMMADI_    [AFGGOVBUS <20030931]   # Minister of Mines and Industries
    KHODAIDAD_  [AFGGOVCOP 20071001 - 20100131] # Minister of Counternarcotics "Acting"
    MASSOUDA_JALAL_ [AFGGOVHRI 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Womens Affairs
    MIR_MOHAMMAD_AMIN_FARHANG_  [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20060531]    # Minister of Economy
    MIR_MOHAMMAD_SEDIQ_ [AFGGOVBUS 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Mines and Industries
    MOHAMMADALLUH_BATASH_   [AFGGOVBUS 20100401 - 20100731] # Minister of Transportation "Acting"
    MOHAMMAD_ALAM_RAZAM_    [AFGGOVBUS <20041231]   # Minister of Light Industry and Food Stuffs
    MOHAMMAD_AMIN_FARHANG_  [AFGGOV <20041231][AFGGOVBUS 20061001 - 20081231]   # Minister of Reconstruction & Minister of Commerce
    MOHAMMAD_AMIN_NASERYAR_ [AFGGOVMOS <20041231]   # Minister of Hajj and Mosques
    MOHAMMAD_AREF_NOORZAI_  [AFGGOV <20041231]  # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs
    MOHAMMAD_AZAM_DADFAR_   [AFGGOVEDU 20060601 - 20100331] # Minister of Higher Education
    MOHAMMAD_FAHIM_KHAN_    [AFGGOV <20050131][AFGGOV >20100101][AFGGOVMIL <20041231]   # Vice President & First Vice President & Minister of Defense
    MOHAMMAD_HANIF_ATMAR_   [AFGGOV 20081101 - 20100631][AFGGOVAGR <20060531][AFGGOVEDU 20060601 - 20081031]    # Minister of Interior & Minister of Rural Development & Minister of Education
    MOHAMMAD_JALIL_SHAMS_   [AFGGOV 20061001 - 20100131]    # Minister of Economy
    MOHAMMAD_KARIM_BRAHAWI_ [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20081231][AFGGOVREF 20090101 - 20090631] # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs & Minister of Refugees and Repatriation
    MOHAMMAD_MASOOM_STANAKZAI_  [AFGGOVMED <20041231]   # Minister of Communications
    MOHAMMAD_MIRWAIS_SADEQ_ [AFGGOVBUS <20040531]   # Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism
    MOHAMMAD_SARWAR_DANESH_ [AFGGOVEDU >20100401][AFGGOVJUD 20060601 - 20100131]    # Minister of Higher Education "Acting" & Minister of Justice
    MOHAMMAD_SEDIQ_CHAKARI_ [AFGGOVMOS 20090401 - 20100131] # Minister of Hajj and Islamic Affairs "Acting"
    MOHAMMAD_SHAKER_KARGAR_ [AFGGOV <20041231]  # Minister of Water and Power
    MOHAMMAD_SHARIF_FAEZ_   [AFGGOVEDU <20041231]   # Minister of Higher Education
    MOHAMMAD_YOUSEF_PASHTUN_    [AFGGOVDEV 20090301 - 20100331] # Minister of Urban Development
    MOHAMMAD_YUSUF_NIAZI_   [AFGGOVMOS >20100201]   # Minister of Hajj and Islamic Affairs
    MOHAMMAD_YUSUF_PASHTUN_ [AFGGOVDEV <20030931]   # Minister of Urban Development
    MOQBAL_ZARAR_   [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20070331]    # Minister of Interior
    NEMATOLLAH_SHAHRANI_    [AFGGOVMOS 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Hajj and Islamic Affairs
    NIAMATULLAH_EHSAN_JAWID_    [AFGGOVBUS 20061001 - 20080331] # Minister of Transportation
    NIAMATULLAH_SHAHRANI_   [AFGGOV <20050131][AFGGOVMOS 20060601 - 20090331]   # Vice President & Minister of Hajj and Islamic Affairs
    NOOR_MOHAMMAD_QARQIN_   [AFGGOVLAB <20041231]   # Minister of Labor and Social Affairs
    NUROLLAH_DELAWARI_  [AFGGOVBUS 20050101 - 20071131] # Governor, Central Bank
    NUR_MOHAMMAD_QARQIN_    [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20100131][AFGGOVEDU 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Martyrs, Disabled, and Social Affairs & Minister of Education
    OBAIDULLAH_RAMIN_   [AFGGOVAGR 20050401 - 20081031] # Minister of Agriculture and Food
    OMAR_ZAKHILWAL_ [AFGGOV >20090301][AFGGOVBUS 20090101 - 20090231]   # Minister of Finance & Minister of Transportation "Acting"
    RAHMATULLAH_NABIL_  [AFGGOVMIL >20100801]   # Director General "Acting", National Directorate of Security
    RAMAZAN_BASHARDOST_ [AFGGOV 20040601 - 20041231]    # Minister of Planning
    RANGIN_DADFAR_SPANTA_   [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20100131][AFGGOVMIL >20100601]   # Minister of Foreign Affairs & National Security Adviser
    RAVAN_A.G._FARHADI_ [AFGGOV 20030801 - 20070131]    # Permanent Representative to the UN 
    SAIDTAYEB_JAWAD_    [AFGGOV 20040601 - 20041231]    # Ambassador to the US 
    SAID_TAYEB_JAWAD_   [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20101031]    # Ambassador to the US 
    SARWAR_DANESH_  [AFGGOVJUD 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Justice
    SAYED_AMIR_SHAH_HASANYAR_   [AFGGOVEDU 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Higher Education
    SAYED_EKRAMODDIN_MASUMI_AGHA_   [AFGGOVLAB 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Labor and Social Affairs
    SAYED_HUSSAIN_ANWARI_   [AFGGOVAGR <20030931]   # Minister of Agriculture and Livestock
    SAYED_MAKHDOOM_RAHEEN_  [AFGGOVMED <20030931]   # Minister of Information and Culture
    SAYED_MAKHDUM_RAHIN_    [AFGGOVMED 20050101 - 20060531][AFGGOVMED >20100201]    # Minister of Information and Culture
    SAYED_MOHAMMAD_ALI_JAWED_   [AFGGOVBUS <20030931]   # Minister of Transportation
    SAYED_MOHAMMAD_AMIN_FATEMI_ [AFGGOVHLH 20050101 - 20100331] # Minister of Health
    SAYED_MUSTAFA_KAZEMI_   [AFGGOVBUS <20030931]   # Minister of Commerce
    SEDIQA_BALKHI_  [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20060531]    # Minister of Martyrs and Disabled
    SEYYED_HUSSAIN_ANWARI_  [AFGGOVAGR 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Agriculture and Livestock
    SEYYED_MAKHDOOM_RAHEEN_ [AFGGOVMED 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Information and Culture
    SEYYED_MOHAMMAD_ALI_JAWED_  [AFGGOVBUS 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Transportation
    SEYYED_MUSTAFA_KAZEMI_  [AFGGOVBUS 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Commerce
    SEYYED_TAYEB_JAWAD_ [AFGGOV 20031001 - 20040531]    # Ambassador to the US 
    SHER_MOHAMMAD_ETEBARI_  [AFGGOVREF 20071201 - 20081231] # Minister of Refugees and Repatriation
    SIMA_SAMAR_ [AFGGOVHRI <20070531]   # Chair of the Human Rights Commission
    SOHAILA_SEDIQ_  [AFGGOVHLH <20041231]   # Minister of Public Health
    SOHRAB_ALI_SAFARI_  [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20060531]    # Minister of Public Works
    SULTAN_HOSSAIN_HESARI_  [AFGGOVDEV >20100401]   # Minister of Urban Development "Acting"
    SURAB_ALI_SAFARI_   [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20100631]    # Minister of Public Works
    SURAYA_DALIL_   [AFGGOVHLH >20100401]   # Minister of Health "Acting"
    TAJ_MOHAMMAD_WARDAK_    [AFGGOV <20030931]  # Minister of Interior
    USTAD_HAJI_MOHAMMAD_MOHAQQEQ_   [AFGGOV <20040531]  # Minister of Planning
    WAHIDULLAH_SHAHRANI_    [AFGGOVBUS >20090101]   # Minister of Commerce and Industry "Acting"
    YOUSEF_PASHTUN_ [AFGGOVDEV 20060601 - 20090231] # Minister of Urban Development
    YUNIS_QANUNI_   [AFGGOVEDU <20040931]   # Minister of Education
    YUSOF_PASHTUN_  [AFGGOVDEV 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Housing and Urban Development
    ZAHIR_TANIN_    [AFGGOV >20070201]  # Permanent Representative to the UN, New York
    ZALMAI_RASSOUL_ [AFGGOVMIL 20050901 - 20060131] # National Security Adviser
    ZALMAY_RASSOUL_ [AFGGOV >20100201][AFGGOVMIL 20031201 - 20050831][AFGGOVMIL 20060201 - 20100131]    # Minister of Foreign Affairs & Presidential Adviser on National Security & National Security Adviser
</Government>
</Country>
R XML 文本挖掘

评论

0赞 Parfait 8/3/2023
请在帖子正文中发布 XML 示例。对于未来的读者来说，链接可能会失效。此外，我没有立即在该链接中看到 XML。帮助我们帮助您。
0赞 yeahman269 8/8/2023
它实际上不是 XML。样品已发布。我无法放置直接链接，因为 DLing 确实需要额外的操作。

答：

1赞 Michael Kay 8/2/2023 #1

有许多因素会使文件格式错误的 XML。

  • 它以一个大注释开头，其中包括 XML 注释中不允许出现的“--”
  • 没有包含其他所有内容的根元素
  • 它包括名称中包含空格的元素：
    <Chairman of the military council>
            ABDUL_QADIR_    [19780427 - 19780430]  [B:19440101]
    </Chairman of the military council>

但是，我看不出该属性有任何问题。NATIONALITY

很难理解为什么有人会选择发布这样的数据，然后让它变得如此难以阅读，除了纯粹的无能。他们显然在管理出版过程和编目所有元数据方面投入了大量精力，所以他们竟然会提供如此不专业的东西，这很奇怪。

如果这是一次性的，那么我会手动编辑它以将其转换为格式良好的 XML。如果这是你需要反复做的事情，那么我会联系数据供应商，询问他们认为自己在做什么，以及他们是否有替代格式可用。（不要害怕这样做;我过去也做过，发现供应商非常感谢反馈。

您可以尝试将其放入像 TagSoup 这样的工具中，看看它是否有意义。

评论

0赞 yeahman269 8/2/2023
感谢您的宝贵意见。你知道有没有办法在R中的“html标签”“<>”之间提取元素吗？如果是这样，提取信息将很容易。
0赞 Michael Kay 8/4/2023
我不懂R，但总的来说，除非你确切地知道你要寻找什么样的偏差，否则用正则表达式修复糟糕的XML是很困难的。（好吧，我们可以说，在没有该语言规范的情况下解析任何语言都是困难的......

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