是否有等效于 awk sprintf 用于 C 编译器 #define 指令

在 C 中，没有直接等效于 sprintf 函数的函数，可以在 #define 指令中使用。C 语言中的 #define 指令由预处理器处理，预处理器在编译时运行，并且无权访问字符串格式等运行时操作。

在特定情况下，如果只想获取 #define 指令中字符串的前 2 个字符，则不能直接使用 sprintf 等函数。

但是，您可以尝试在 #define 指令中手动指定字符串的前两个字符...

#define MYLANG LANG[0], LANG[1]

这假定 LANG 是代码中定义的常量或变量，并且在预处理时，MYLANG 将替换为 LANG 的前两个字符。

更新的答案...

尝试使用此代码...

#include <langinfo.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Define preprocessor macros for each language
#ifdef SPANISH
#define MYLANG "es_MX:es"
#include "CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_es.h"
#endif

#ifdef FRENCH
#define MYLANG "fr_CA:fr"
#include "CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_fr.h"
#endif

#ifdef ENGLISH
#define MYLANG "en_CA:en"
#include "CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_en.h"
#endif

//==================================================================================================
//  START OF MAIN PROGRAM
//==================================================================================================

int main() {
    char yellowON[12] = "\e[93;1m";
    char yellowOFF[12] = "\e[0m";

    char redON[12] = "\e[91;1m";
    char redOFF[12] = "\e[0m";

    char blueON[12] = "\e[94;1m";
    char blueOFF[12] = "\e[0m";

    char ThisLOCALE[30];

    sprintf(ThisLOCALE, "%s", setlocale(LC_ALL, ""));
    printf("\n\t %s\n\n", ThisLOCALE);

    printf("Selected language: %s\n", MYLANG);

    printf("\n  == %s%s%s ==\n", blueON, ScenarioSetUp, blueOFF);

    return 0;
}

现在，您应该能够使用适当的语言预处理器宏编译程序，以便在编译时选择所需的语言。例如，要编译西班牙语：

砰...

gcc -DSPANISH -o my_program my_program.c

或者对于法语：

gcc -DFRENCH -o my_program my_program.c

或英语：

gcc -DENGLISH -o my_program my_program.c

每个编译都将包含相应的特定于语言的头文件，并相应地设置宏，从而允许您在编译时在语言之间切换。MYLANG

我认为您不需要对“从综合主消息文件生成特定语言头文件的脚本”进行任何更改

你的 Include 文件似乎也很好......请记住，每个特定于语言的消息文件都应遵循类似的结构，并翻译该语言的相同消息。这样，当您使用预处理器宏基于所选语言包含这些文件时，您的程序将使用相应的特定于语言的翻译。

假设您已经对其他每个特定于语言的消息文件（例如，CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_es.h、CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_en.h）进行了类似的更改，我认为该结构应该可以正常工作。

C 演示程序的最终工作版本，使用我@masonthedev理解的方式概述的方法如下：

/*##################################################################################################
###
### $Id: $
###
### C source code for demonstrating usage of compiler directive for selecting a language specific header file for standardized messages used by a given program.
###
### The program expects the compiler command to include the passing of a language
### identification string, i.e. "Español" for the compiler to make
### the correct selection from an itemized list of scenarios.
###
### It is recommended that the header filenames make use of the
### ISO standardized 2-letter labels for the language identifier.
###
### This demo program also calls the LOCALE identification function directly for a comparison
### of the value identified and reports both that value and the first message variable's value
### defined in the header file for visual comparison
### as a sanity check that all went as expected/desired.
###
####################################################################################################
*/

#include <langinfo.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


#ifdef Español
#include "CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_es.h"
//#define MYLANG "es_MX:es"
    char MYLANG[15] = "es" ;
#define LANGSET 1
#endif

#ifdef Français
#include "CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_fr.h"
//#define MYLANG "fr_CA:fr"
    char MYLANG[15] = "fr" ;
#define LANGSET 1
#endif

#ifdef English
#include "CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_en.h"
//#define MYLANG "en_CA:en"
    char MYLANG[15] = "en" ;
#define LANGSET 1
#endif

#if LANGSET != 1
// Failsafe if language directive not set or not recognized
#include "CIMIfrecN_MessagesTable_en.h"
//#define MYLANG "en_CA:en"
    char MYLANG[15] = "en" ;
#endif



//==================================================================================================
//  START OF MAIN PROGRAM
//==================================================================================================

//int setProgramLOCALE(){
int main(){

    char yellowON[12]="\e[93;1m" ;
    char yellowOFF[12]="\e[0m" ;

    char redON[12]="\e[91;1m" ;
    char redOFF[12]="\e[0m" ;

    char blueON[12]="\e[94;1m" ;
    char blueOFF[12]="\e[0m" ;

    char ThisLOCALE[30] ;


    sprintf( ThisLOCALE, "%s", setlocale(LC_ALL, "") ) ;
    printf("\n\t %s\n\n", ThisLOCALE ) ;

    printf("\t Selected language: %s\n", MYLANG);

    printf("\n\t == %s%s%s ==\n\n", blueON, ScenarioSetUp, blueOFF ) ;

    return 0;
}

这是使用

g++ -DEnglish -Wall -w -o CIMIfrecN_GetMessageArray_LOCALE__TESTOR CIMIfrecN_GetMessageArray_LOCALE__TESTOR.cpp

结果输出如预期：

en_CA.UTF-8

Selected language: en

== Scenario Set-Up ==

使用 -DBOGUS 测试 #ifndef LANGSET 确认故障安全选项（临时设置为与本地值不同的值）实际上已正确触发，从而确认了逻辑。

我创建了一个包装脚本来处理该预编译设置：

#!/bin/sh

####################################################################################################
###
### $Id: Compile_Manually.sh,v 1.1 2023/10/07 22:55:30 ericthered Exp ericthered $
###
### Script to compile programs using compiler directive for each user's own locale with a view to selecting a language specific header file for standardized messages used by the program.
###
### The script will signal the compiler which of the locale-specific
### message header files will be used during compile time.
###
### This script does not care what the name of the language-specific header files are.
### Those are expected to be defined within the compiler directives of the Program being compiled.
###
### The --debug option allows the user to test the LOCALE functionality by
###     - probing the environment and reporting LOCALE specific information, and
###     - using an EXAMPLE program demonstrating how that is incorporated via compiler directives.
###
####################################################################################################

probe_LOCALE(){
    echo "\t CMD: locale"
    locale
    echo "==============================================\n"

    echo "\t CMD: localectl status"
    localectl status
    echo "==============================================\n"

    echo "\t CMD: locale -k LC_TIME"
    locale -k LC_TIME
    echo "==============================================\n"
} #END probe_LOCALE()


##3456789+123456789+123456789+123456789+123456789+123456789+123456789+123456789+123456789+123456789+

DBG=0
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
    case "$1" in
        "--debug" )
            DBG=1
            probe_LOCALE
            ### Program for demonstrating proper handling of LOCALE defined in the environment
            Program="CIMIfrecN_GetMessageArray_LOCALE__TESTOR.cpp"
            OpenGL_Module_API=""
            echo "\n DEBUG MODE:  Using demo program '${Program}' ...\n"
            shift
            break
            ;;
        "--program" )
            Program="$2"
            #Program="CIMIfrecN_GetMessageArray_LOCALE.cpp"
            OpenGL_Module_API="glad.c -ldl -lglfw"
            echo "\n PRODUCTION MODE:  Including 'GLAD' API files for runtime integration of OpenGL  ...\n"
            shift ; shift
            ;;
        * )
            echo "\n\t Invalid parameter used on the command line.\n\n\t Only valid options:  [--debug] [--program {C_source_file} ]\n\n"
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
done

if [ -z "${Program}" ]
then
    Program="CIMIfrecN_GetMessageArray_LOCALE__TESTOR.cpp"
fi

Execute=`basename "${Program}" ".cpp" `


if [ -n "${LANGUAGE}" ]
then
    myLANG=`echo "${LANGUAGE}" | cut -f1 -d\_ `

    case "${myLANG}" in
        "es" )  myLANG="Español" ;;
        "en" )  myLANG="English" ;;
        "fr" )  myLANG="Français" ;;
#       "de" )  myLANG="Deutsch" ;;
#       "it" )  myLANG="Italiano" ;;
#       "nl" )  myLANG="Nederlandse" ;;
#       "pl" )  myLANG="Polski" ;;
#       "ja" )  myLANG="日本語" ;; # Japanese
#       "in" )  myLANG="Hindi ;;    # Hindi (India)
#       "zh" )  myLANG="简体中文" ;;    # simplified Chinese
#       "pt" )  myLANG="Português" ;;
#       "tr" )  myLANG="Türkçe" ;;
#       "ru" )  myLANG="Русский" ;; # Russian
#       "fa" )  myLANG="ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ" ;;   # Persian
#       "ar" )  myLANG="ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ" ;; # Arabic
#       "he" )  myLANG="תירִבְעִ" ;;    # Hebrew
        * )
            ### Failsafe default language setting
            myLANG="English" ;;
    esac
else
    ### Failsafe default language setting
    myLANG="English"
fi

#myLANG="BOGUS"

if [ $DBG -eq 1 ]
then
    ### Permanent code for DEBUG mode
    echo \ g++ -D${myLANG} -Wall -w -o "${Execute}" "${Program}" "${OpenGL_Module_API}"
else
    ### Temporary code for PRODUCTION mode
    echo \ g++ -D${myLANG} -Wall -w -o "${Execute}" "${Program}" "${OpenGL_Module_API}"
fi

eval g++ -D${myLANG} -Wall -w -o "${Execute}" "${Program}" "${OpenGL_Module_API}"

if [ $? -eq 0  -a  -s "${Execute}" ]
then
    echo "\n The code has been compiled as '${Execute}'.  You may run that now ...\n"
fi

我现在可以查看在完整程序的源代码中实现。

感谢所有为这个学习者/寻求者在掌握道路上的进步做出贡献的人。