提问人：pyj 提问时间：4/21/2022 更新时间：4/21/2022 访问量：186
Python XML 查找标记的特定位置
Python XML finding the specific location of a tag
问：
我目前正在使用 python 中内置的 lxml.etree 解析 xml 文件。 我遇到了一些关于提取元素标签中的文本的问题。
以下是我当前问题的示例代码。
<body> <P> Title 1 </P> This is a sample text after the the p tag that contains the title. </body>
<body> sample text sample text sample text sample text <P> not a title </P> This is sample text after a p tag that does not contain a title. </body>
<body> sample text sample text <P> not a title </P> This is sample text after a p tag that does not contain a title. <P> Another P tag not containing a title </P></body>
<body> <P> Title 2 </P> This is a sample text after the the p tag that contains the title. </body>
我的冲突如下：
如果有标题，我使用第一个 P 标签来捕获每个正文标签的标题。标题（在大多数情况下）是紧跟在正文标签之后的第一个 P 标签（因此示例代码第 1 行和第 4 行）。我没有特定的标题名称列表，这就是我使用此方法来捕获标题的原因。
问题是，当正文中不存在标题，但正文标签中的某处有 P 标签，而不是紧随正文标签之后（因此代码行 2 和 3），程序会将第一个 P 标签和其中的文本作为标题。在此方案中，相应的 P 标记不是标题，也不应被视为一个，但由于它被视为一个，因此该 P 标记之前的任何文本都将被忽略，并且不会写入新的文本文件。
为了进一步说明，以下是写入文本文件的内容。
Title 1 : This is a sample text after the the p tag that contains the title.
not a title : This is sample text after a p tag that does not contain a title.
not a title : This is sample text after a p tag that does not contain a title. Another P tag not containing a title
Title 2 : This is a sample text after the the p tag that contains the title.
所需输出到文本文件
Title 1 : This is a sample text after the the p tag that contains the title.
sample text sample text sample text sample text not a title This is sample text after a p tag that does not contain a title.
sample text sample text not a title This is sample text after a p tag that does not contain a title. Another P tag not containing a title
Title 2 : This is a sample text after the the p tag that contains the title.
可能的解决方案：
1. 有什么办法可以找到第一个 P 标签的位置。如果第一个 P 标签紧跟在正文标签之后，我想保留它。我想剥离的任何其他 P 标签，但保留文本。我可以通过使用lxml.etree中的内置函数来做到这一点
strip_tags()
非常感谢对此问题或其他可能的解决方案的任何见解......先谢谢你！
答：
1赞
mbg131
4/21/2022
#1
我能够用 BeautifulSoup 和正则表达式识别标题。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup
from lxml import etree
import re
markup = """<body> <P> Title 1 </P> This is a sample text after the the p tag that contains the title. </body>
<body> sample text sample text sample text sample text <P> not a title </P> This is sample text after a p tag that does not contain a title. </body>
<body> sample text sample text <P> not a title </P> This is sample text after a p tag that does not contain a title. <P> Another P tag not containing a title </P></body>
<body> <P> Title 2 </P> This is a sample text after the the p tag that contains the title. </body>"""
soup = soup(markup,'html.parser')
titles = soup.select('body')
for title in titles:
groups = re.search('<body> *<p>', str(title))
has_title = groups != None
if has_title:
print(title.p.text)
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