Kurt 的回答指明了方向，但我还是花了相当长的时间才让它运行，所以这里是保存 PNG 时设置 DPI 的代码。要找到合适的作家等等，还有很多工作要做......

 private BufferedImage gridImage;
 ...

 private void saveGridImage(File output) throws IOException {
    output.delete();

    final String formatName = "png";

    for (Iterator<ImageWriter> iw = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName(formatName); iw.hasNext();) {
       ImageWriter writer = iw.next();
       ImageWriteParam writeParam = writer.getDefaultWriteParam();
       ImageTypeSpecifier typeSpecifier = ImageTypeSpecifier.createFromBufferedImageType(BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
       IIOMetadata metadata = writer.getDefaultImageMetadata(typeSpecifier, writeParam);
       if (metadata.isReadOnly() || !metadata.isStandardMetadataFormatSupported()) {
          continue;
       }

       setDPI(metadata);

       final ImageOutputStream stream = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(output);
       try {
          writer.setOutput(stream);
          writer.write(metadata, new IIOImage(gridImage, null, metadata), writeParam);
       } finally {
          stream.close();
       }
       break;
    }
 }

 private void setDPI(IIOMetadata metadata) throws IIOInvalidTreeException {

    // for PMG, it's dots per millimeter
    double dotsPerMilli = 1.0 * DPI / 10 / INCH_2_CM;

    IIOMetadataNode horiz = new IIOMetadataNode("HorizontalPixelSize");
    horiz.setAttribute("value", Double.toString(dotsPerMilli));

    IIOMetadataNode vert = new IIOMetadataNode("VerticalPixelSize");
    vert.setAttribute("value", Double.toString(dotsPerMilli));

    IIOMetadataNode dim = new IIOMetadataNode("Dimension");
    dim.appendChild(horiz);
    dim.appendChild(vert);

    IIOMetadataNode root = new IIOMetadataNode("javax_imageio_1.0");
    root.appendChild(dim);

    metadata.mergeTree("javax_imageio_1.0", root);
 }

我在我的项目中将此代码用于 tiff 文件，效果很好。.

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.RenderedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.media.jai.NullOpImage;
import javax.media.jai.OpImage;
import javax.media.jai.PlanarImage;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.FileSeekableStream;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.ImageCodec;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.ImageDecoder;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.ImageEncoder;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.SeekableStream;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.TIFFEncodeParam;
import com.sun.media.jai.codec.TIFFField;
class SetDDPI
 {
static void tiff_Maker(List<BufferedImage> output, String result) throws   IOException
{
    TIFFEncodeParam params = new TIFFEncodeParam();
    OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(result);
    List<BufferedImage> imageList = new ArrayList<BufferedImage>();
    for (int i = 1; i < output.size(); i++)
    {
        imageList.add(output.get(i));
    }
    params.setWriteTiled(true);
    params.setCompression(TIFFEncodeParam.COMPRESSION_GROUP4);
    params.setExtraImages(imageList.iterator());
    TIFFField[] extras = new TIFFField[2];
    extras[0] = new TIFFField(282, TIFFField.TIFF_RATIONAL, 1, (Object) new long[][] { { (long) 300, (long) 1 },
            { (long) 0, (long) 0 } });
    extras[1] = new TIFFField(283, TIFFField.TIFF_RATIONAL, 1, (Object) new long[][] { { (long) 300, (long) 1 },
            { (long) 0, (long) 0 } });
    params.setExtraFields(extras);
    ImageEncoder encoder = ImageCodec.createImageEncoder("tiff", out, params);
    encoder.encode(output.get(0));
    out.close();
}
static List<BufferedImage> tiff_Extractor(File tiff) throws IOException
{
    List<BufferedImage> images = new ArrayList<BufferedImage>();
    SeekableStream ss = new FileSeekableStream(tiff);
    ImageDecoder decoder = ImageCodec.createImageDecoder("tiff", ss, null);
    int numPages = decoder.getNumPages();
    for (int j = 0; j < numPages; j++)
    {
        PlanarImage op = new NullOpImage(decoder.decodeAsRenderedImage(j), null, null, OpImage.OP_IO_BOUND);
        images.add(op.getAsBufferedImage());

    }
    return images;
}
}

这是为了设置 Tiff 图像的 300 DPI。您可以根据需要进行更改。

extras[0] = new TIFFField(282, TIFFField.TIFF_RATIONAL, 1, (Object) new     
long[][] { { (long) 300, (long) 1 },{ (long) 0, (long) 0 } });

extras[1] = new TIFFField(283, TIFFField.TIFF_RATIONAL, 1, (Object) new     
long[][] { { (long) 300, (long) 1 },{ (long) 0, (long) 0 } });

设置 TIFF DPI

如果要为 TIFF 设置 dpi，请尝试通过以下步骤执行此操作：

private static IIOMetadata createMetadata(ImageWriter writer, ImageWriteParam writerParams, int resolution) throws
                                                                                                            IIOInvalidTreeException
{
    // Get default metadata from writer
    ImageTypeSpecifier type = ImageTypeSpecifier.createFromBufferedImageType(BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
    IIOMetadata meta = writer.getDefaultImageMetadata(type, writerParams);

    // Convert default metadata to TIFF metadata
    TIFFDirectory dir = TIFFDirectory.createFromMetadata(meta);

    // Get {X,Y} resolution tags
    BaselineTIFFTagSet base = BaselineTIFFTagSet.getInstance();
    TIFFTag tagXRes = base.getTag(BaselineTIFFTagSet.TAG_X_RESOLUTION);
    TIFFTag tagYRes = base.getTag(BaselineTIFFTagSet.TAG_Y_RESOLUTION);

    // Create {X,Y} resolution fields
    TIFFField fieldXRes = new TIFFField(tagXRes, TIFFTag.TIFF_RATIONAL, 1, new long[][] { { resolution, 1 } });
    TIFFField fieldYRes = new TIFFField(tagYRes, TIFFTag.TIFF_RATIONAL, 1, new long[][] { { resolution, 1 } });

    // Add {X,Y} resolution fields to TIFFDirectory
    dir.addTIFFField(fieldXRes);
    dir.addTIFFField(fieldYRes);

    // Add unit field to TIFFDirectory (change to RESOLUTION_UNIT_CENTIMETER if necessary)
    dir.addTIFFField(new TIFFField(base.getTag(BaselineTIFFTagSet.TAG_RESOLUTION_UNIT), BaselineTIFFTagSet.RESOLUTION_UNIT_INCH));

    // Return TIFF metadata so it can be picked up by the IIOImage
    return dir.getAsMetadata();
}

此外，您可以设置任何 TIFF 标签的类似方式。

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