Gem：：LoadError：无法激活 selenium-webdriver （>= 4.0.0） RSpec Rails 7

问：

我遇到了一个奇怪的问题，selenium-webdriver 不尊重 gem 的选定版本号，并且导致我的规格总体上失败。我似乎无法阻止它，即使在卸载宝石并使用选定的版本重新安装它们之后。我在 docker 上运行所有这些，很难跟踪问题的来源。如何让 selenium-webdriver-3.142.7 成为运行验收测试的唯一选择？

错误：

Failures:

  1) Landing Page Navigation shows header
     Failure/Error: raise e
     
     Gem::LoadError:
       can't activate selenium-webdriver (>= 4.0.0), already activated selenium-webdriver-3.142.7. Make sure all dependencies are added to Gemfile.
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/bundler-2.4.1/lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:276:in `block (2 levels) in replace_gem'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/actionpack-7.0.2.2/lib/action_dispatch/system_testing/driver.rb:24:in `initialize'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/actionpack-7.0.2.2/lib/action_dispatch/system_test_case.rb:159:in `new'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/actionpack-7.0.2.2/lib/action_dispatch/system_test_case.rb:159:in `driven_by'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-rails-6.0.1/lib/rspec/rails/example/system_example_group.rb:99:in `driven_by'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-rails-6.0.1/lib/rspec/rails/example/system_example_group.rb:94:in `block in initialize'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:457:in `instance_exec'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:457:in `instance_exec'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:365:in `run'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:529:in `block in run_owned_hooks_for'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:528:in `each'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:528:in `run_owned_hooks_for'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:615:in `block in run_example_hooks_for'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:614:in `reverse_each'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:614:in `run_example_hooks_for'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:484:in `run'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:505:in `run_before_example'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:261:in `block in run'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:511:in `block in with_around_and_singleton_context_hooks'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:468:in `block in with_around_example_hooks'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:486:in `block in run'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:626:in `block in run_around_example_hooks_for'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-core-3.12.1/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:352:in `call'
     # /usr/local/bundle/gems/rspec-rails-6.0.1/lib/rspec/rails/example/system_example_group.rb:120:in `block (2 levels) in <module:SystemExampleGroup>'

Gemfile

group :development, :test do
  # See https://guides.rubyonrails.org/debugging_rails_applications.html#debugging-with-the-debug-gem
  gem "debug", platforms: %i[ mri mingw x64_mingw ]
  gem "rspec-rails"
  gem "factory_bot_rails"
  gem "faker"
end

group :development do
  # Use console on exceptions pages [https://github.com/rails/web-console]
  gem "web-console"
  gem 'letter_opener_web', '~> 2.0'
  # Add speed badges [https://github.com/MiniProfiler/rack-mini-profiler]
  # gem "rack-mini-profiler"

  # Speed up commands on slow machines / big apps [https://github.com/rails/spring]
  # gem "spring"
end

group :test do
  # Use system testing [https://guides.rubyonrails.org/testing.html#system-testing]
  gem "capybara"
  gem 'selenium-webdriver', '~> 3.142.7'
  gem "webdrivers"
end

docker-compose.yml

services:
  web:
    build: .
    command: bash -c "rm -f tmp/pids/server.pid && bin/rails s -p 3001 -b '0.0.0.0' && rails tailwindcss:watch"
    volumes:
      - .:/usr/src/app
      - bundle:/usr/local/bundle
    ports:
      - "3001:3001"
      - "80:80"
    env_file:
      - .env
    environment:
      - HISTFILE=/usr/src/app/log/.bash_history
      - HUB_HOST=hub:4444
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis
  hub:
    image: selenium/hub:3.8.1
    environment:
      GRID_BROWSER_TIMEOUT: 10000 # 10 seconds
      GRID_NEW_SESSION_WAIT_TIMEOUT: 20000
      GRID_NODE_POLLING: 300
      GRID_TIMEOUT: 10000
    ports:
      - "4444:4444"
  node-chrome:
    image: selenium/node-chrome:3.8.1
    environment: &SELENIUM_NODE_ENV
      HUB_HOST: hub
      HUB_PORT: 4444
    ports:
      - "5901:5901"
    volumes:
      - /dev/shm:/dev/shm

水豚.rb

require 'capybara'
Capybara.register_driver :chrome_headless do |app|
  chrome_capabilities = ::Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome('goog:chromeOptions' => { 'args': %w[no-sandbox headless disable-gpu window-size=1400,1400] })

  if ENV['HUB_URL']
    Capybara::Selenium::Driver.new(app,
                                   browser: :remote,
                                   url: "http://#{ENV['HUB_HOST']}/wd/hub",
                                   capabilities: chrome_capabilities)
  else
    Capybara::Selenium::Driver.new(app,
                                   browser: :chrome,
                                   capabilities: chrome_capabilities)
  end
end