提问人:TosinAl 提问时间:4/10/2018 更新时间:4/10/2018 访问量:64
读取结构化文件
Reading a structured file
问:
我写了这个简短的程序来从 txt 文件中读取 s:Order
struct Date
{
int year;
int month;
int day;
};
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Date& d)
{
int dd, m, y;
char slash1, slash2;
is >> dd >> slash1 >> m >> slash2 >> y;
d.day = dd;
d.month = m;
d.year = y;
return is;
}
class Purchase
{
public:
string product_name;
double unit_price;
int count;
};
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Purchase& p)
{
string pd;
double price;
int cnt;
is >> pd >> price >> cnt;
if (!is)
{
is.unget();
is.clear(ios_base::failbit);
return is;
}
p.product_name = pd;
p.unit_price = price;
p.count = cnt;
return is;
}
struct Address
{
string add;
};
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Address& a)
{
string s;
string aa;
while (true)
{
is >> aa;
s = s + aa + ' ';
if (s[s.length() - 2] == '.')break;
}
a.add = s;
return is;
}
class Order
{
public:
string name;
Address address;
Date dt;
vector<Purchase>purch;
};
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Order& o)
{
string nm;
Address aa;
Date dd;
is >> nm>> aa >> dd;
if (!is)
{
is.unget();
is.clear(ios_base::failbit);
return is;
}
o.name = nm;
o.address.add = aa.add;
o.dt.day = dd.day;
o.dt.month = dd.month;
o.dt.year = dd.year;
for (Purchase pp; is >> pp;)
{
o.purch.push_back(pp);
}
return is;
}
文本文件的格式如下:
John
3, Apple Street, Lagos.
11/3/2018
Soap 100 2
Cream 250 1
Cheese 50 6
Matthew
10, Orange Street, Milan.
10/1/2018
Tissue 50 2
Cookies 10 5
Shirts 500 2
Pen 35 1
在函数中测试此程序时:main
int main()
{
cout << "Enter input file name: ";
string input_file;
cin >> input_file;
ifstream ifs{ input_file };
vector<Order>ord;
while (true)
{
Order g;
if (!ifs)break;
ifs >> g;
ord.push_back(g);
}
cout << ord[0].name << endl;
cout << ord[0].address.add << endl;
cout << ord[0].dt.year << endl;
cout << ord[0].purch[0].count << endl;
cout << endl;
}
我发现它只将第一个实例读取到向量中。ifstream 在第二次读取新数据时失败并爆发。因此,在上面的示例文件中,我只能成功读取 John 的订单。现在我被困住了,我需要帮助。谢谢。Order
ord
ifs
Order
答:
0赞
Kostas
4/10/2018
#1
如果将for (Purchase pp; is >> pp;)
int i = 0;
for (Purchase pp; is >> pp && i++ < 3;)
你可以看到代码运行得很好。
但是,这会产生可变购买规模的问题。循环常数的大小应该是多少? 我建议在每个对象末尾使用哨兵,例如数据中的“1”。然后,您可以将循环修改为:
for (Purchase pp; is.peek() != 1 && is >> pp;)
另外,不要忘记在循环后杀死下一个角色(它将是“1”)
char c; is >> c;
0赞
TosinAl
4/10/2018
#2
感谢@GillBates的哨兵想法,@IgorTandetnik在我的代码中暴露了错误的部分。我能够通过在每个订单的开头使用整数索引,然后在 operator>>Order 函数的末尾添加 is.clear() 来纠正这个问题。
评论
ord[0]
)ord[1]
for (Purchase pp; is >> pp;)
循环在消耗整个文件之前不会终止。Purchase
while (true) { Purchase pp; if (!(is >> pp))break; o.purch.push_back(pp); }
(is >> pp)
只会变为(在布尔上下文中)on ,因为您在返回之前已经明确清除了它。支票的洗牌不会改变这一事实。false
eof
failbit