ifelse 真的每次都计算它的两个向量吗？慢吗？

是的。（有例外）

ifelse计算其值和值。除非条件是全部或全部。yesnotestTRUEFALSE

我们可以通过生成随机数并观察实际生成了多少个数字来了解这一点。（通过还原 ）。seed

# TEST CONDITION, ALL TRUE
set.seed(1)
dump  <- ifelse(rep(TRUE, 200), rnorm(200), rnorm(200))
next.random.number.after.all.true <- rnorm(1)

# TEST CONDITION, ALL FALSE
set.seed(1)
dump  <- ifelse(rep(FALSE, 200), rnorm(200), rnorm(200))
next.random.number.after.all.false <- rnorm(1)

# TEST CONDITION, MIXED
set.seed(1)
dump   <- ifelse(c(FALSE, rep(TRUE, 199)), rnorm(200), rnorm(200))
next.random.number.after.some.TRUE.some.FALSE <- rnorm(1)

# RESET THE SEED, GENERATE SEVERAL RANDOM NUMBERS TO SEARCH FOR A MATCH
set.seed(1)
r.1000 <- rnorm(1000)


cat("Quantity of random numbers generated during the `ifelse` statement when:", 
    "\n\tAll True  ", which(r.1000 == next.random.number.after.all.true) - 1,
    "\n\tAll False ", which(r.1000 == next.random.number.after.all.false) - 1,
    "\n\tMixed T/F ", which(r.1000 == next.random.number.after.some.TRUE.some.FALSE) - 1 
  )

给出以下输出：

Quantity of random numbers generated during the `ifelse` statement when: 
  All True   200 
  All False  200 
  Mixed T/F  400   <~~ Notice TWICE AS MANY numbers were
                       generated when `test` had both
                       T & F values present

我们也可以在源代码本身中看到它：

.
.
if (any(test[!nas]))    
    ans[test & !nas] <- rep(yes, length.out = length(ans))[test &   # <~~~~ This line and the one below
        !nas]
if (any(!test[!nas])) 
    ans[!test & !nas] <- rep(no, length.out = length(ans))[!test &  # <~~~~ ... are the cluprits
        !nas]
.
.

请注意，仅当存在 是 IS 或（分别）的一些非值。
在这一点上--这是效率方面最重要的部分--计算每个向量的全部。yesnoNAtestTRUEFALSE

好的，但是它更慢吗？

让我们看看我们是否可以测试它：

library(microbenchmark)

# Create some sample data
  N <- 1e4
  set.seed(1)
  X <- sample(c(seq(100), rep(NA, 100)), N, TRUE)
  Y <- ifelse(is.na(X), rnorm(X), NA)  # Y has reverse NA/not-NA setup than X

这两个语句生成相同的结果

yesifelse <- quote(sort(ifelse(is.na(X), Y+17, X-17 ) ))
noiflese  <- quote(sort(c(Y[is.na(X)]+17, X[is.na(Y)]-17)))

identical(eval(yesifelse), eval(noiflese))
# [1] TRUE

但一个是另一个的两倍

microbenchmark(eval(yesifelse), eval(noiflese), times=50L)

N = 1,000
Unit: milliseconds
            expr      min       lq   median       uq      max neval
 eval(yesifelse) 2.286621 2.348590 2.411776 2.537604 10.05973    50
  eval(noiflese) 1.088669 1.093864 1.122075 1.149558 61.23110    50

N = 10,000
Unit: milliseconds
            expr      min       lq   median       uq      max neval
 eval(yesifelse) 30.32039 36.19569 38.50461 40.84996 98.77294    50
  eval(noiflese) 12.70274 13.58295 14.38579 20.03587 21.68665    50