C 语言中的自然排序顺序#

最简单的方法是 P/Invoke Windows 中的内置函数，并将其用作 your 中的比较函数：IComparer

[DllImport("shlwapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
private static extern int StrCmpLogicalW(string psz1, string psz2);

迈克尔·卡普兰（Michael Kaplan）在这里提供了一些示例来说明此功能的工作原理，以及为使Vista更直观地工作而进行的更改。此功能的优点是它将具有与运行它的 Windows 版本相同的行为，但这确实意味着它在 Windows 版本之间有所不同，因此您需要考虑这对您来说是否是一个问题。

因此，一个完整的实现应该是这样的：

[SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
internal static class SafeNativeMethods
{
    [DllImport("shlwapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    public static extern int StrCmpLogicalW(string psz1, string psz2);
}

public sealed class NaturalStringComparer : IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string a, string b)
    {
        return SafeNativeMethods.StrCmpLogicalW(a, b);
    }
}

public sealed class NaturalFileInfoNameComparer : IComparer<FileInfo>
{
    public int Compare(FileInfo a, FileInfo b)
    {
        return SafeNativeMethods.StrCmpLogicalW(a.Name, b.Name);
    }
}

你确实需要小心 -- 我依稀记得读过 StrCmpLogicalW 或类似的东西，不是严格传递的，而且我观察到了。如果比较函数破坏了该规则，NET 的排序方法有时会陷入无限循环。

传递比较将始终报告，如果 a < b 和 b < c，则 a < c。存在一个函数，它执行自然排序顺序比较，但并不总是满足该标准，但我不记得它是 StrCmpLogicalW 还是其他东西。

再加上 Greg Beech 的答案（因为我刚刚一直在寻找），如果你想从 Linq 中使用它，你可以使用 that takes an .例如：OrderByIComparer

var items = new List<MyItem>();

// fill items

var sorted = items.OrderBy(item => item.Name, new NaturalStringComparer());

适用于 linq orderby 的纯 C# 解决方案：

http://zootfroot.blogspot.com/2009/09/natural-sort-compare-with-linq-orderby.html

public class NaturalSortComparer<T> : IComparer<string>, IDisposable
{
    private bool isAscending;

    public NaturalSortComparer(bool inAscendingOrder = true)
    {
        this.isAscending = inAscendingOrder;
    }

    #region IComparer<string> Members

    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    #endregion

    #region IComparer<string> Members

    int IComparer<string>.Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        if (x == y)
            return 0;

        string[] x1, y1;

        if (!table.TryGetValue(x, out x1))
        {
            x1 = Regex.Split(x.Replace(" ", ""), "([0-9]+)");
            table.Add(x, x1);
        }

        if (!table.TryGetValue(y, out y1))
        {
            y1 = Regex.Split(y.Replace(" ", ""), "([0-9]+)");
            table.Add(y, y1);
        }

        int returnVal;

        for (int i = 0; i < x1.Length && i < y1.Length; i++)
        {
            if (x1[i] != y1[i])
            {
                returnVal = PartCompare(x1[i], y1[i]);
                return isAscending ? returnVal : -returnVal;
            }
        }

        if (y1.Length > x1.Length)
        {
            returnVal = 1;
        }
        else if (x1.Length > y1.Length)
        { 
            returnVal = -1; 
        }
        else
        {
            returnVal = 0;
        }

        return isAscending ? returnVal : -returnVal;
    }

    private static int PartCompare(string left, string right)
    {
        int x, y;
        if (!int.TryParse(left, out x))
            return left.CompareTo(right);

        if (!int.TryParse(right, out y))
            return left.CompareTo(right);

        return x.CompareTo(y);
    }

    #endregion

    private Dictionary<string, string[]> table = new Dictionary<string, string[]>();

    public void Dispose()
    {
        table.Clear();
        table = null;
    }
}

现有的实现看起来都不好，所以我编写了自己的实现。结果与现代版本的 Windows 资源管理器 （Windows 7/8） 使用的排序几乎相同。我看到的唯一区别是 1） 虽然 Windows 曾经（例如 XP）处理任何长度的数字，但现在它被限制为 19 位数字 - 我的是无限的，2） Windows 给出了与某些 Unicode 数字集不一致的结果 - 我的工作正常（尽管它不会对代理项对中的数字进行数字比较;Windows 也没有），以及 3） 如果不同类型的非主要排序权重出现在不同的部分（例如“e-1é”与“é1e-” -数字前后的部分有变音符号和标点符号权重差异）。

public static int CompareNatural(string strA, string strB) {
    return CompareNatural(strA, strB, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, CompareOptions.IgnoreCase);
}

public static int CompareNatural(string strA, string strB, CultureInfo culture, CompareOptions options) {
    CompareInfo cmp = culture.CompareInfo;
    int iA = 0;
    int iB = 0;
    int softResult = 0;
    int softResultWeight = 0;
    while (iA < strA.Length && iB < strB.Length) {
        bool isDigitA = Char.IsDigit(strA[iA]);
        bool isDigitB = Char.IsDigit(strB[iB]);
        if (isDigitA != isDigitB) {
            return cmp.Compare(strA, iA, strB, iB, options);
        }
        else if (!isDigitA && !isDigitB) {
            int jA = iA + 1;
            int jB = iB + 1;
            while (jA < strA.Length && !Char.IsDigit(strA[jA])) jA++;
            while (jB < strB.Length && !Char.IsDigit(strB[jB])) jB++;
            int cmpResult = cmp.Compare(strA, iA, jA - iA, strB, iB, jB - iB, options);
            if (cmpResult != 0) {
                // Certain strings may be considered different due to "soft" differences that are
                // ignored if more significant differences follow, e.g. a hyphen only affects the
                // comparison if no other differences follow
                string sectionA = strA.Substring(iA, jA - iA);
                string sectionB = strB.Substring(iB, jB - iB);
                if (cmp.Compare(sectionA + "1", sectionB + "2", options) ==
                    cmp.Compare(sectionA + "2", sectionB + "1", options))
                {
                    return cmp.Compare(strA, iA, strB, iB, options);
                }
                else if (softResultWeight < 1) {
                    softResult = cmpResult;
                    softResultWeight = 1;
                }
            }
            iA = jA;
            iB = jB;
        }
        else {
            char zeroA = (char)(strA[iA] - (int)Char.GetNumericValue(strA[iA]));
            char zeroB = (char)(strB[iB] - (int)Char.GetNumericValue(strB[iB]));
            int jA = iA;
            int jB = iB;
            while (jA < strA.Length && strA[jA] == zeroA) jA++;
            while (jB < strB.Length && strB[jB] == zeroB) jB++;
            int resultIfSameLength = 0;
            do {
                isDigitA = jA < strA.Length && Char.IsDigit(strA[jA]);
                isDigitB = jB < strB.Length && Char.IsDigit(strB[jB]);
                int numA = isDigitA ? (int)Char.GetNumericValue(strA[jA]) : 0;
                int numB = isDigitB ? (int)Char.GetNumericValue(strB[jB]) : 0;
                if (isDigitA && (char)(strA[jA] - numA) != zeroA) isDigitA = false;
                if (isDigitB && (char)(strB[jB] - numB) != zeroB) isDigitB = false;
                if (isDigitA && isDigitB) {
                    if (numA != numB && resultIfSameLength == 0) {
                        resultIfSameLength = numA < numB ? -1 : 1;
                    }
                    jA++;
                    jB++;
                }
            }
            while (isDigitA && isDigitB);
            if (isDigitA != isDigitB) {
                // One number has more digits than the other (ignoring leading zeros) - the longer
                // number must be larger
                return isDigitA ? 1 : -1;
            }
            else if (resultIfSameLength != 0) {
                // Both numbers are the same length (ignoring leading zeros) and at least one of
                // the digits differed - the first difference determines the result
                return resultIfSameLength;
            }
            int lA = jA - iA;
            int lB = jB - iB;
            if (lA != lB) {
                // Both numbers are equivalent but one has more leading zeros
                return lA > lB ? -1 : 1;
            }
            else if (zeroA != zeroB && softResultWeight < 2) {
                softResult = cmp.Compare(strA, iA, 1, strB, iB, 1, options);
                softResultWeight = 2;
            }
            iA = jA;
            iB = jB;
        }
    }
    if (iA < strA.Length || iB < strB.Length) {
        return iA < strA.Length ? 1 : -1;
    }
    else if (softResult != 0) {
        return softResult;
    }
    return 0;
}

签名与委托匹配：Comparison<string>

string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(@"C:\");
Array.Sort(files, CompareNatural);

下面是一个包装类，用作：IComparer<string>

public class CustomComparer<T> : IComparer<T> {
    private Comparison<T> _comparison;

    public CustomComparer(Comparison<T> comparison) {
        _comparison = comparison;
    }

    public int Compare(T x, T y) {
        return _comparison(x, y);
    }
}

例：

string[] files = Directory.EnumerateFiles(@"C:\")
    .OrderBy(f => f, new CustomComparer<string>(CompareNatural))
    .ToArray();

以下是我用于测试的一组很好的文件名：

Func<string, string> expand = (s) => { int o; while ((o = s.IndexOf('\\')) != -1) { int p = o + 1;
    int z = 1; while (s[p] == '0') { z++; p++; } int c = Int32.Parse(s.Substring(p, z));
    s = s.Substring(0, o) + new string(s[o - 1], c) + s.Substring(p + z); } return s; };
string encodedFileNames =
    "KDEqLW4xMiotbjEzKjAwMDFcMDY2KjAwMlwwMTcqMDA5XDAxNyowMlwwMTcqMDlcMDE3KjEhKjEtISox" +
    "LWEqMS4yNT8xLjI1KjEuNT8xLjUqMSoxXDAxNyoxXDAxOCoxXDAxOSoxXDA2NioxXDA2NyoxYSoyXDAx" +
    "NyoyXDAxOCo5XDAxNyo5XDAxOCo5XDA2Nio9MSphMDAxdGVzdDAxKmEwMDF0ZXN0aW5nYTBcMzEqYTAw" +
    "Mj9hMDAyIGE/YTAwMiBhKmEwMDIqYTAwMmE/YTAwMmEqYTAxdGVzdGluZ2EwMDEqYTAxdnNmcyphMSph" +
    "MWEqYTF6KmEyKmIwMDAzcTYqYjAwM3E0KmIwM3E1KmMtZSpjZCpjZipmIDEqZipnP2cgMT9oLW4qaG8t" +
    "bipJKmljZS1jcmVhbT9pY2VjcmVhbT9pY2VjcmVhbS0/ajBcNDE/ajAwMWE/ajAxP2shKmsnKmstKmsx" +
    "KmthKmxpc3QqbTAwMDNhMDA1YSptMDAzYTAwMDVhKm0wMDNhMDA1Km0wMDNhMDA1YSpuMTIqbjEzKm8t" +
    "bjAxMypvLW4xMipvLW40P28tbjQhP28tbjR6P28tbjlhLWI1Km8tbjlhYjUqb24wMTMqb24xMipvbjQ/" +
    "b240IT9vbjR6P29uOWEtYjUqb245YWI1Km/CrW4wMTMqb8KtbjEyKnAwMCpwMDEqcDAxwr0hKnAwMcK9" +
    "KnAwMcK9YSpwMDHCvcK+KnAwMipwMMK9KnEtbjAxMypxLW4xMipxbjAxMypxbjEyKnItMDAhKnItMDAh" +
    "NSpyLTAwIe+8lSpyLTAwYSpyLe+8kFwxIS01KnIt77yQXDEhLe+8lSpyLe+8kFwxISpyLe+8kFwxITUq" +
    "ci3vvJBcMSHvvJUqci3vvJBcMWEqci3vvJBcMyE1KnIwMCEqcjAwLTUqcjAwLjUqcjAwNSpyMDBhKnIw" +
    "NSpyMDYqcjQqcjUqctmg2aYqctmkKnLZpSpy27Dbtipy27Qqctu1KnLfgN+GKnLfhCpy34UqcuClpuCl" +
    "rCpy4KWqKnLgpasqcuCnpuCnrCpy4KeqKnLgp6sqcuCppuCprCpy4KmqKnLgqasqcuCrpuCrrCpy4Kuq" +
    "KnLgq6sqcuCtpuCtrCpy4K2qKnLgrasqcuCvpuCvrCpy4K+qKnLgr6sqcuCxpuCxrCpy4LGqKnLgsasq" +
    "cuCzpuCzrCpy4LOqKnLgs6sqcuC1puC1rCpy4LWqKnLgtasqcuC5kOC5lipy4LmUKnLguZUqcuC7kOC7" +
    "lipy4LuUKnLgu5UqcuC8oOC8pipy4LykKnLgvKUqcuGBgOGBhipy4YGEKnLhgYUqcuGCkOGClipy4YKU" +
    "KnLhgpUqcuGfoOGfpipy4Z+kKnLhn6UqcuGgkOGglipy4aCUKnLhoJUqcuGlhuGljCpy4aWKKnLhpYsq" +
    "cuGnkOGnlipy4aeUKnLhp5UqcuGtkOGtlipy4a2UKnLhrZUqcuGusOGutipy4a60KnLhrrUqcuGxgOGx" +
    "hipy4bGEKnLhsYUqcuGxkOGxlipy4bGUKnLhsZUqcuqYoFwx6pilKnLqmKDqmKUqcuqYoOqYpipy6pik" +
    "KnLqmKUqcuqjkOqjlipy6qOUKnLqo5UqcuqkgOqkhipy6qSEKnLqpIUqcuqpkOqplipy6qmUKnLqqZUq" +
    "cvCQkqAqcvCQkqUqcvCdn5gqcvCdn50qcu+8kFwxISpy77yQXDEt77yVKnLvvJBcMS7vvJUqcu+8kFwx" +
    "YSpy77yQXDHqmKUqcu+8kFwx77yO77yVKnLvvJBcMe+8lSpy77yQ77yVKnLvvJDvvJYqcu+8lCpy77yV" +
    "KnNpKnPEsSp0ZXN02aIqdGVzdNmi2aAqdGVzdNmjKnVBZS0qdWFlKnViZS0qdUJlKnVjZS0xw6kqdWNl" +
    "McOpLSp1Y2Uxw6kqdWPDqS0xZSp1Y8OpMWUtKnVjw6kxZSp3ZWlhMSp3ZWlhMip3ZWlzczEqd2Vpc3My" +
    "KndlaXoxKndlaXoyKndlacOfMSp3ZWnDnzIqeSBhMyp5IGE0KnknYTMqeSdhNCp5K2EzKnkrYTQqeS1h" +
    "Myp5LWE0KnlhMyp5YTQqej96IDA1MD96IDIxP3ohMjE/ejIwP3oyMj96YTIxP3rCqTIxP1sxKl8xKsKt" +
    "bjEyKsKtbjEzKsSwKg==";
string[] fileNames = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(encodedFileNames))
    .Replace("*", ".txt?").Split(new[] { "?" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
    .Select(n => expand(n)).ToArray();

我的解决方案：

void Main()
{
    new[] {"a4","a3","a2","a10","b5","b4","b400","1","C1d","c1d2"}.OrderBy(x => x, new NaturalStringComparer()).Dump();
}

public class NaturalStringComparer : IComparer<string>
{
    private static readonly Regex _re = new Regex(@"(?<=\D)(?=\d)|(?<=\d)(?=\D)", RegexOptions.Compiled);

    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        x = x.ToLower();
        y = y.ToLower();
        if(string.Compare(x, 0, y, 0, Math.Min(x.Length, y.Length)) == 0)
        {
            if(x.Length == y.Length) return 0;
            return x.Length < y.Length ? -1 : 1;
        }
        var a = _re.Split(x);
        var b = _re.Split(y);
        int i = 0;
        while(true)
        {
            int r = PartCompare(a[i], b[i]);
            if(r != 0) return r;
            ++i;
        }
    }

    private static int PartCompare(string x, string y)
    {
        int a, b;
        if(int.TryParse(x, out a) && int.TryParse(y, out b))
            return a.CompareTo(b);
        return x.CompareTo(y);
    }
}

结果：

1
a2
a3
a4
a10
b4
b5
b400
C1d
c1d2

只是想我会补充一下（用我能找到的最简洁的解决方案）：

public static IOrderedEnumerable<T> OrderByAlphaNumeric<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, string> selector)
{
    int max = source
        .SelectMany(i => Regex.Matches(selector(i), @"\d+").Cast<Match>().Select(m => (int?)m.Value.Length))
        .Max() ?? 0;

    return source.OrderBy(i => Regex.Replace(selector(i), @"\d+", m => m.Value.PadLeft(max, '0')));
}

上面将字符串中的任何数字填充到所有字符串中所有数字的最大长度，并使用生成的字符串进行排序。

强制转换为 （） 是为了允许没有任何数字的字符串集合（在空的可枚举中抛出一个 ）。int?.Max()InvalidOperationException

我们需要一种自然的排序来处理具有以下模式的文本：

"Test 1-1-1 something"
"Test 1-2-3 something"
...

出于某种原因，当我第一次查看 SO 时，我没有找到这篇文章并实现我们自己的帖子。与这里介绍的一些解决方案相比，虽然在概念上相似，但它的好处可能是更简单、更容易理解。但是，虽然我确实尝试查看性能瓶颈，但它的实现速度仍然比默认的要慢得多。OrderBy()

这是我实现的扩展方法：

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    // set up the regex parser once and for all
    private static readonly Regex Regex = new Regex(@"\d+|\D+", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Singleline);

    // stateless comparer can be built once
    private static readonly AggregateComparer Comparer = new AggregateComparer();

    public static IEnumerable<T> OrderByNatural<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, string> selector)
    {
        // first extract string from object using selector
        // then extract digit and non-digit groups
        Func<T, IEnumerable<IComparable>> splitter =
            s => Regex.Matches(selector(s))
                      .Cast<Match>()
                      .Select(m => Char.IsDigit(m.Value[0]) ? (IComparable) int.Parse(m.Value) : m.Value);
        return source.OrderBy(splitter, Comparer);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This comparer will compare two lists of objects against each other
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>Objects in each list are compare to their corresponding elements in the other
    /// list until a difference is found.</remarks>
    private class AggregateComparer : IComparer<IEnumerable<IComparable>>
    {
        public int Compare(IEnumerable<IComparable> x, IEnumerable<IComparable> y)
        {
            return
                x.Zip(y, (a, b) => new {a, b})              // walk both lists
                 .Select(pair => pair.a.CompareTo(pair.b))  // compare each object
                 .FirstOrDefault(result => result != 0);    // until a difference is found
        }
    }
}

这个想法是将原始字符串拆分为数字和非数字块（）。由于这是一项可能代价高昂的任务，因此每个条目仅执行一次。然后，我们使用可比较对象的比较器（对不起，我找不到更合适的表达方式）。它将每个块与另一个字符串中的相应块进行比较。"\d+|\D+"

我想就如何改进以及主要缺陷是什么提供反馈。请注意，在这一点上，可维护性对我们很重要，我们目前没有在非常大的数据集中使用它。

Matthews Horsleys 的答案是最快的方法，它不会根据运行程序的 Windows 版本而改变行为。但是，通过创建一次正则表达式并使用 RegexOptions.Compiled，它可以更快。我还添加了插入字符串比较器的选项，以便您可以在需要时忽略大小写，并稍微提高了可读性。

    public static IEnumerable<T> OrderByNatural<T>(this IEnumerable<T> items, Func<T, string> selector, StringComparer stringComparer = null)
    {
        var regex = new Regex(@"\d+", RegexOptions.Compiled);

        int maxDigits = items
                      .SelectMany(i => regex.Matches(selector(i)).Cast<Match>().Select(digitChunk => (int?)digitChunk.Value.Length))
                      .Max() ?? 0;

        return items.OrderBy(i => regex.Replace(selector(i), match => match.Value.PadLeft(maxDigits, '0')), stringComparer ?? StringComparer.CurrentCulture);
    }

使用者

var sortedEmployees = employees.OrderByNatural(emp => emp.Name);

对 100,000 个字符串进行排序需要 450 毫秒，而默认的 .net 字符串比较需要 300 毫秒 - 非常快！

扩展了前面的几个答案并使用扩展方法，我提出了以下内容，这些方法没有潜在的多个可枚举的警告，也没有与使用多个正则表达式对象有关的性能问题，或者不必要地调用正则表达式，话虽如此，它确实使用了 ToList（），这可能会抵消较大集合中的好处。

选择器支持泛型类型以允许分配任何委托，源集合中的元素由选择器改变，然后使用 ToString（） 转换为字符串。

    private static readonly Regex _NaturalOrderExpr = new Regex(@"\d+", RegexOptions.Compiled);

    public static IEnumerable<TSource> OrderByNatural<TSource, TKey>(
        this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> selector)
    {
        int max = 0;

        var selection = source.Select(
            o =>
            {
                var v = selector(o);
                var s = v != null ? v.ToString() : String.Empty;

                if (!String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s))
                {
                    var mc = _NaturalOrderExpr.Matches(s);

                    if (mc.Count > 0)
                    {
                        max = Math.Max(max, mc.Cast<Match>().Max(m => m.Value.Length));
                    }
                }

                return new
                {
                    Key = o,
                    Value = s
                };
            }).ToList();

        return
            selection.OrderBy(
                o =>
                String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(o.Value) ? o.Value : _NaturalOrderExpr.Replace(o.Value, m => m.Value.PadLeft(max, '0')))
                     .Select(o => o.Key);
    }

    public static IEnumerable<TSource> OrderByDescendingNatural<TSource, TKey>(
        this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> selector)
    {
        int max = 0;

        var selection = source.Select(
            o =>
            {
                var v = selector(o);
                var s = v != null ? v.ToString() : String.Empty;

                if (!String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s))
                {
                    var mc = _NaturalOrderExpr.Matches(s);

                    if (mc.Count > 0)
                    {
                        max = Math.Max(max, mc.Cast<Match>().Max(m => m.Value.Length));
                    }
                }

                return new
                {
                    Key = o,
                    Value = s
                };
            }).ToList();

        return
            selection.OrderByDescending(
                o =>
                String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(o.Value) ? o.Value : _NaturalOrderExpr.Replace(o.Value, m => m.Value.PadLeft(max, '0')))
                     .Select(o => o.Key);
    }

这是我对同时具有字母和数字字符的字符串进行排序的代码。

首先，这个扩展方法：

public static IEnumerable<string> AlphanumericSort(this IEnumerable<string> me)
{
    return me.OrderBy(x => Regex.Replace(x, @"\d+", m => m.Value.PadLeft(50, '0')));
}

然后，只需在代码中的任何位置使用它，如下所示：

List<string> test = new List<string>() { "The 1st", "The 12th", "The 2nd" };
test = test.AlphanumericSort();

它是如何工作的？通过用零替换：

  Original  | Regex Replace |      The      |   Returned
    List    | Apply PadLeft |    Sorting    |     List
            |               |               |
 "The 1st"  |  "The 001st"  |  "The 001st"  |  "The 1st"
 "The 12th" |  "The 012th"  |  "The 002nd"  |  "The 2nd"
 "The 2nd"  |  "The 002nd"  |  "The 012th"  |  "The 12th"

适用于多个数字：

 Alphabetical Sorting | Alphanumeric Sorting
                      |
 "Page 21, Line 42"   | "Page 3, Line 7"
 "Page 21, Line 5"    | "Page 3, Line 32"
 "Page 3, Line 32"    | "Page 21, Line 5"
 "Page 3, Line 7"     | "Page 21, Line 42"

希望这会有所帮助。

下面是一个相对简单的示例，它不使用 P/Invoke，并且避免在执行期间进行任何分配。

随意使用此处的代码，或者如果更简单，可以使用 NuGet 包：

https://www.nuget.org/packages/NaturalSort

https://github.com/drewnoakes/natural-sort

internal sealed class NaturalStringComparer : IComparer<string>
{
    public static NaturalStringComparer Instance { get; } = new NaturalStringComparer();

    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // sort nulls to the start
        if (x == null)
            return y == null ? 0 : -1;
        if (y == null)
            return 1;

        var ix = 0;
        var iy = 0;

        while (true)
        {
            // sort shorter strings to the start
            if (ix >= x.Length)
                return iy >= y.Length ? 0 : -1;
            if (iy >= y.Length)
                return 1;

            var cx = x[ix];
            var cy = y[iy];

            int result;
            if (char.IsDigit(cx) && char.IsDigit(cy))
                result = CompareInteger(x, y, ref ix, ref iy);
            else
                result = cx.CompareTo(y[iy]);

            if (result != 0)
                return result;

            ix++;
            iy++;
        }
    }

    private static int CompareInteger(string x, string y, ref int ix, ref int iy)
    {
        var lx = GetNumLength(x, ix);
        var ly = GetNumLength(y, iy);

        // shorter number first (note, doesn't handle leading zeroes)
        if (lx != ly)
            return lx.CompareTo(ly);

        for (var i = 0; i < lx; i++)
        {
            var result = x[ix++].CompareTo(y[iy++]);
            if (result != 0)
                return result;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    private static int GetNumLength(string s, int i)
    {
        var length = 0;
        while (i < s.Length && char.IsDigit(s[i++]))
            length++;
        return length;
    }
}

它不会忽略前导零，所以在 之后。012

对应单元测试：

public class NumericStringComparerTests
{
    [Fact]
    public void OrdersCorrectly()
    {
        AssertEqual("", "");
        AssertEqual(null, null);
        AssertEqual("Hello", "Hello");
        AssertEqual("Hello123", "Hello123");
        AssertEqual("123", "123");
        AssertEqual("123Hello", "123Hello");

        AssertOrdered("", "Hello");
        AssertOrdered(null, "Hello");
        AssertOrdered("Hello", "Hello1");
        AssertOrdered("Hello123", "Hello124");
        AssertOrdered("Hello123", "Hello133");
        AssertOrdered("Hello123", "Hello223");
        AssertOrdered("123", "124");
        AssertOrdered("123", "133");
        AssertOrdered("123", "223");
        AssertOrdered("123", "1234");
        AssertOrdered("123", "2345");
        AssertOrdered("0", "1");
        AssertOrdered("123Hello", "124Hello");
        AssertOrdered("123Hello", "133Hello");
        AssertOrdered("123Hello", "223Hello");
        AssertOrdered("123Hello", "1234Hello");
    }

    private static void AssertEqual(string x, string y)
    {
        Assert.Equal(0, NaturalStringComparer.Instance.Compare(x, y));
        Assert.Equal(0, NaturalStringComparer.Instance.Compare(y, x));
    }

    private static void AssertOrdered(string x, string y)
    {
        Assert.Equal(-1, NaturalStringComparer.Instance.Compare(x, y));
        Assert.Equal( 1, NaturalStringComparer.Instance.Compare(y, x));
    }
}

我实际上已经将其作为扩展方法实现，以便您可以执行例如：StringComparer

• StringComparer.CurrentCulture.WithNaturalSort()或
• StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.WithNaturalSort().

结果可用于所有地方，如 、 、 、 等。您仍然可以轻松调整区分大小写、区域性等。IComparer<string>OrderByOrderByDescendingThenByThenByDescendingSortedSet<string>

实现相当简单，即使在大型序列上也应该表现良好。

---

我还将其发布为一个小型 NuGet 包，因此您可以执行以下操作：

Install-Package NaturalSort.Extension

代码包括 XML 文档注释和测试套件，可在 NaturalSort.Extension GitHub 存储库中找到。

---

整个代码如下（如果还不能使用 C# 7，只需安装 NuGet 包）：

public static class StringComparerNaturalSortExtension
{
    public static IComparer<string> WithNaturalSort(this StringComparer stringComparer) => new NaturalSortComparer(stringComparer);

    private class NaturalSortComparer : IComparer<string>
    {
        public NaturalSortComparer(StringComparer stringComparer)
        {
            _stringComparer = stringComparer;
        }

        private readonly StringComparer _stringComparer;
        private static readonly Regex NumberSequenceRegex = new Regex(@"(\d+)", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant);
        private static string[] Tokenize(string s) => s == null ? new string[] { } : NumberSequenceRegex.Split(s);
        private static ulong ParseNumberOrZero(string s) => ulong.TryParse(s, NumberStyles.None, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var result) ? result : 0;

        public int Compare(string s1, string s2)
        {
            var tokens1 = Tokenize(s1);
            var tokens2 = Tokenize(s2);

            var zipCompare = tokens1.Zip(tokens2, TokenCompare).FirstOrDefault(x => x != 0);
            if (zipCompare != 0)
                return zipCompare;

            var lengthCompare = tokens1.Length.CompareTo(tokens2.Length);
            return lengthCompare;
        }
        
        private int TokenCompare(string token1, string token2)
        {
            var number1 = ParseNumberOrZero(token1);
            var number2 = ParseNumberOrZero(token2);

            var numberCompare = number1.CompareTo(number2);
            if (numberCompare != 0)
                return numberCompare;

            var stringCompare = _stringComparer.Compare(token1, token2);
            return stringCompare;
        }
    }
}

下面是一个朴素的单行无正则表达式 LINQ 方式（借自 python）：

var alphaStrings = new List<string>() { "10","2","3","4","50","11","100","a12","b12" };
var orderedString = alphaStrings.OrderBy(g => new Tuple<int, string>(g.ToCharArray().All(char.IsDigit)? int.Parse(g) : int.MaxValue, g));
// Order Now: ["2","3","4","10","11","50","100","a12","b12"]

受 Michael Parker 解决方案的启发，下面是一个实现，您可以将其放入任何 linq 排序方法中：IComparer

private class NaturalStringComparer : IComparer<string>
{
    public int Compare(string left, string right)
    {
        int max = new[] { left, right }
            .SelectMany(x => Regex.Matches(x, @"\d+").Cast<Match>().Select(y => (int?)y.Value.Length))
            .Max() ?? 0;

        var leftPadded = Regex.Replace(left, @"\d+", m => m.Value.PadLeft(max, '0'));
        var rightPadded = Regex.Replace(right, @"\d+", m => m.Value.PadLeft(max, '0'));

        return string.Compare(leftPadded, rightPadded);
    }
}

让我解释一下我的问题以及我是如何解决的。

问题：- 根据从目录检索的 FileInfo 对象中的 FileName 对文件进行排序。

解决方案：- 我从FileInfo中选择了文件名并修剪了文件名的“.png”部分。现在，只需执行 List.Sort（），它按自然排序顺序对文件名进行排序。根据我的测试，我发现使用 .png 会打乱排序顺序。请看下面的代码

var imageNameList = new DirectoryInfo(@"C:\Temp\Images").GetFiles("*.png").Select(x =>x.Name.Substring(0, x.Name.Length - 4)).ToList();
imageNameList.Sort();

一个更易于阅读/维护的版本。

public class NaturalStringComparer : IComparer<string>
{
    public static NaturalStringComparer Instance { get; } = new NaturalStringComparer();

    public int Compare(string x, string y) {
        const int LeftIsSmaller = -1;
        const int RightIsSmaller = 1;
        const int Equal = 0;

        var leftString = x;
        var rightString = y;

        var stringComparer = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.CompareInfo;

        int rightIndex;
        int leftIndex;

        for (leftIndex = 0, rightIndex = 0;
             leftIndex < leftString.Length && rightIndex < rightString.Length;
             leftIndex++, rightIndex++) {
            var leftChar = leftString[leftIndex];
            var rightChar = rightString[leftIndex];

            var leftIsNumber = char.IsNumber(leftChar);
            var rightIsNumber = char.IsNumber(rightChar);

            if (!leftIsNumber && !rightIsNumber) {
                var result = stringComparer.Compare(leftString, leftIndex, 1, rightString, leftIndex, 1);
                if (result != 0) return result;
            } else if (leftIsNumber && !rightIsNumber) {
                return LeftIsSmaller;
            } else if (!leftIsNumber && rightIsNumber) {
                return RightIsSmaller;
            } else {
                var leftNumberLength = NumberLength(leftString, leftIndex, out var leftNumber);
                var rightNumberLength = NumberLength(rightString, rightIndex, out var rightNumber);

                if (leftNumberLength < rightNumberLength) {
                    return LeftIsSmaller;
                } else if (leftNumberLength > rightNumberLength) {
                    return RightIsSmaller;
                } else {
                    if(leftNumber < rightNumber) {
                        return LeftIsSmaller;
                    } else if(leftNumber > rightNumber) {
                        return RightIsSmaller;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (leftString.Length < rightString.Length) {
            return LeftIsSmaller;
        } else if(leftString.Length > rightString.Length) {
            return RightIsSmaller;
        }

        return Equal;
    }

    public int NumberLength(string str, int offset, out int number) {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(str)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(str));
        if (offset >= str.Length) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(offset), offset, "Offset must be less than the length of the string.");

        var currentOffset = offset;

        var curChar = str[currentOffset];

        if (!char.IsNumber(curChar))
            throw new ArgumentException($"'{curChar}' is not a number.", nameof(offset));

        int length = 1;

        var numberString = string.Empty;

        for (currentOffset = offset + 1;
            currentOffset < str.Length;
            currentOffset++, length++) {

            curChar = str[currentOffset];
            numberString += curChar;

            if (!char.IsNumber(curChar)) {
                number = int.Parse(numberString);

                return length;
            }
        }

        number = int.Parse(numberString);

        return length;
    }
}

下面是 .NET Core 2.1+ / .NET 5.0+ 的版本，使用 spans 来避免分配

public class NaturalSortStringComparer : IComparer<string>
{
    public static NaturalSortStringComparer Ordinal { get; } = new NaturalSortStringComparer(StringComparison.Ordinal);
    public static NaturalSortStringComparer OrdinalIgnoreCase { get; } = new NaturalSortStringComparer(StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
    public static NaturalSortStringComparer CurrentCulture { get; } = new NaturalSortStringComparer(StringComparison.CurrentCulture);
    public static NaturalSortStringComparer CurrentCultureIgnoreCase { get; } = new NaturalSortStringComparer(StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
    public static NaturalSortStringComparer InvariantCulture { get; } = new NaturalSortStringComparer(StringComparison.InvariantCulture);
    public static NaturalSortStringComparer InvariantCultureIgnoreCase { get; } = new NaturalSortStringComparer(StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);

    private readonly StringComparison _comparison;

    public NaturalSortStringComparer(StringComparison comparison)
    {
        _comparison = comparison;
    }

    public int Compare(string x, string y)
    {
        // Let string.Compare handle the case where x or y is null
        if (x is null || y is null)
            return string.Compare(x, y, _comparison);

        var xSegments = GetSegments(x);
        var ySegments = GetSegments(y);

        while (xSegments.MoveNext() && ySegments.MoveNext())
        {
            int cmp;

            // If they're both numbers, compare the value
            if (xSegments.CurrentIsNumber && ySegments.CurrentIsNumber)
            {
                var xValue = long.Parse(xSegments.Current);
                var yValue = long.Parse(ySegments.Current);
                cmp = xValue.CompareTo(yValue);
                if (cmp != 0)
                    return cmp;
            }
            // If x is a number and y is not, x is "lesser than" y
            else if (xSegments.CurrentIsNumber)
            {
                return -1;
            }
            // If y is a number and x is not, x is "greater than" y
            else if (ySegments.CurrentIsNumber)
            {
                return 1;
            }

            // OK, neither are number, compare the segments as text
            cmp = xSegments.Current.CompareTo(ySegments.Current, _comparison);
            if (cmp != 0)
                return cmp;
        }

        // At this point, either all segments are equal, or one string is shorter than the other

        // If x is shorter, it's "lesser than" y
        if (x.Length < y.Length)
            return -1;
        // If x is longer, it's "greater than" y
        if (x.Length > y.Length)
            return 1;

        // If they have the same length, they're equal
        return 0;
    }

    private static StringSegmentEnumerator GetSegments(string s) => new StringSegmentEnumerator(s);

    private struct StringSegmentEnumerator
    {
        private readonly string _s;
        private int _start;
        private int _length;

        public StringSegmentEnumerator(string s)
        {
            _s = s;
            _start = -1;
            _length = 0;
            CurrentIsNumber = false;
        }

        public ReadOnlySpan<char> Current => _s.AsSpan(_start, _length);
        
        public bool CurrentIsNumber { get; private set; }

        public bool MoveNext()
        {
            var currentPosition = _start >= 0
                ? _start + _length
                : 0;

            if (currentPosition >= _s.Length)
                return false;

            int start = currentPosition;
            bool isFirstCharDigit = Char.IsDigit(_s[currentPosition]);

            while (++currentPosition < _s.Length && Char.IsDigit(_s[currentPosition]) == isFirstCharDigit)
            {
            }

            _start = start;
            _length = currentPosition - start;
            CurrentIsNumber = isFirstCharDigit;

            return true;
        }
    }
}