java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：无法解析 Android 插桩测试中的 Lcom/myproject/mymodule/ClassName

问：

谁能帮忙解决这个问题？ 以前，我尝试为我的项目创建一个插桩测试。我为单元测试创建了新模块，并且在创建类时模块中发生了错误，然后我生成了类来创建插桩测试（存储在包中），但是为什么当我运行同一包中的类时，它会出现标题中的错误？com.module.unit_test (androidTest)ResourceComparer

ResourceComparer.kt:

package com.ichwan.unit_test

import android.content.Context

class ResourceComparer {

    fun isEqual(context: Context, resId: Int, compare: String) : Boolean {
        return context.getString(resId) == compare
    }
}

ResourceComparerTest.kt:

package com.ichwan.unit_test

import android.content.Context
import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
import org.junit.After
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Test

class ResourceComparerTest {

    private lateinit var resourceComparer: ResourceComparer

    @Before
    fun setup() {
        resourceComparer = ResourceComparer()
    }

    @After
    fun tearDown(){

    }

    @Test
    fun stringResourceSameAsGivenString_returnsTrue() {
        val context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext<Context>()
        val result = resourceComparer.isEqual(context, androidx.compose.ui.R.string.selected, "selected")
        assertThat(result).isTrue()
    }

    @Test
    fun stringResourceSameAsGivenString_returnsFalse() {
        val context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext<Context>()
        val result = resourceComparer.isEqual(context, androidx.compose.ui.R.string.selected, "selection")
        assertThat(result).isFalse()
    }
}

这是 logcat 的结果：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Lcom/ichwan/unit_test/ResourceComparer;
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields(Native Method)
at org.junit.runners.model.TestClass.getSortedDeclaredFields(TestClass.java:77)
at org.junit.runners.model.TestClass.scanAnnotatedMembers(TestClass.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.model.TestClass.<init>(TestClass.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.createTestClass(ParentRunner.java:111)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.<init>(ParentRunner.java:91)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:74)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.java:43)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4Builder.runnerForClass(AndroidJUnit4Builder.java:51)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:70)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:37)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.AndroidRunnerBuilder.runnerForClass(AndroidRunnerBuilder.java:149)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.ScanningTestLoader.doCreateRunner(ScanningTestLoader.java:50)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.getRunnersFor(TestLoader.java:64)
at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestRequestBuilder.build(TestRequestBuilder.java:835)
at androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.buildRequest(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:650)
at androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:418)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1932)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.ichwan.unit_test.ResourceComparer" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/data/app/com.ichwan.unit_test.test-2/base.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.ichwan.gigihmodule-2/base.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.ichwan.gigihmodule-2/split_config.en.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.ichwan.gigihmodule-2/split_config.xxhdpi.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/com.ichwan.unit_test.test-2/lib/x86, /data/app/com.ichwan.gigihmodule-2/lib/x86, /system/lib, /vendor/lib]]
at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:56)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:380)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
... 18 more
Suppressed: java.io.IOException: No original dex files found for dex location /data/app/com.ichwan.gigihmodule-2/split_config.en.apk
at dalvik.system.DexFile.openDexFileNative(Native Method)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.openDexFile(DexFile.java:373)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.<init>(DexFile.java:113)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.<init>(DexFile.java:78)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.loadDexFile(DexPathList.java:359)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.makeElements(DexPathList.java:323)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.makeDexElements(DexPathList.java:263)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.<init>(DexPathList.java:126)
at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.<init>(BaseDexClassLoader.java:48)
at dalvik.system.PathClassLoader.<init>(PathClassLoader.java:64)
at com.android.internal.os.PathClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(PathClassLoaderFactory.java:43)
at android.app.ApplicationLoaders.getClassLoader(ApplicationLoaders.java:58)
at android.app.LoadedApk.createOrUpdateClassLoaderLocked(LoadedApk.java:520)
at android.app.LoadedApk.getClassLoader(LoadedApk.java:553)
at android.app.ActivityThread.getTopLevelResources(ActivityThread.java:1847)
at android.app.LoadedApk.getResources(LoadedApk.java:766)
at android.app.ContextImpl.<init>(ContextImpl.java:2066)
at android.app.ContextImpl.createAppContext(ContextImpl.java:2011)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:5252)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap2(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1528)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6077)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:866)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:756)
Suppressed: java.io.IOException: No original dex files found for dex location /data/app/com.ichwan.gigihmodule-2/split_config.xxhdpi.apk
at dalvik.system.DexFile.openDexFileNative(Native Method)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.openDexFile(DexFile.java:373)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.<init>(DexFile.java:113)
at dalvik.system.DexFile.<init>(DexFile.java:78)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.loadDexFile(DexPathList.java:359)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.makeElements(DexPathList.java:323)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.makeDexElements(DexPathList.java:263)
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.<init>(DexPathList.java:126)
at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.<init>(BaseDexClassLoader.java:48)
at dalvik.system.PathClassLoader.<init>(PathClassLoader.java:64)
at com.android.internal.os.PathClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(PathClassLoaderFactory.java:43)
at android.app.ApplicationLoaders.getClassLoader(ApplicationLoaders.java:58)
at android.app.LoadedApk.createOrUpdateClassLoaderLocked(LoadedApk.java:520)
at android.app.LoadedApk.getClassLoader(LoadedApk.java:553)
at android.app.ActivityThread.getTopLevelResources(ActivityThread.java:1847)
at android.app.LoadedApk.getResources(LoadedApk.java:766)
at android.app.ContextImpl.<init>(ContextImpl.java:2066)
at android.app.ContextImpl.createAppContext(ContextImpl.java:2011)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:5252)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap2(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1528)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6077)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:866)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:756)

我在这里阅读了几个来源，但其中大多数都有来自 Gradle 的额外依赖项。但是我很困惑，如果错误如logcat中所述，是否有其他库或缺少gradle脚本？

这是我的脚本：build.gradle (module)

plugins {
    id 'com.android.dynamic-feature'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
}
android {
    namespace 'com.ichwan.unit_test'
    compileSdk 34

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.ichwan.unit_test"
        minSdk 24
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        vectorDrawables {
            useSupportLibrary true
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
    buildFeatures {
        viewBinding true
        dataBinding true
    }

}

dependencies {
    implementation project(":app")
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.10.1'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.9.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    testImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.5.0'
    testImplementation 'com.google.truth:truth:1.1.4'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.google.truth:truth:1.1.4'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.annotation:annotation:1.6.0'
}