使用 Gmail 报告 Django 错误

最终对我有用的解决方法是为此目的创建一个新的Gmail帐户。这目前有效，尽管我在其他地方读到一些评论说相反。

请注意，这个新帐户将没有两步验证，但安全性并不是一个大问题，因为该帐户将“仅”处理 Django 电子邮件。

您可以使用 Gmail API 通过 Gmail 电子邮件地址发送授权电子邮件。一个好的起点是文档：https://developers.google.com/gmail/api/quickstart/python

我一直遇到这个问题，所以我在一篇博客文章中记录了如何使用 API：https://www.willcarh.art/blog/Automating-Emails-in-Python/

这真是太痛苦了，以至于我最终构建了自己的 Python 实用程序，用于通过 Gmail API 发送电子邮件。这是我最初的原型：

import os
import sys
import pickle
import base64
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from google_auth_oauthlib.flow import InstalledAppFlow
from google.auth.transport.requests import Request
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

def get_gmail_api_instance():
    """
    Setup Gmail API instance
    """
    if not os.path.exists('token.pickle'):
        return None
    with open('token.pickle', 'rb') as token:
        creds = pickle.load(token)
    service = build('gmail', 'v1', credentials=creds)
    return service

def create_message(sender, to, subject, message_text):
    """
    Create a message for an email
        :sender: (str) the email address of the sender
        :to: (str) the email address of the receiver
        :subject: (str) the subject of the email
        :message_text: (str) the content of the email
    """
    message = MIMEText(message_text)
    message['to'] = to
    message['from'] = sender
    message['subject'] = subject
    raw = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_bytes())
    raw = raw.decode()
    body = {'raw': raw}
    return body

def send_email(service, user_id, message):
    """
    Send an email via Gmail API
        :service: (googleapiclient.discovery.Resource) authorized Gmail API service instance
        :user_id: (str) sender's email address, used for special "me" value (authenticated Gmail account)
        :message: (base64) message to be sent
    """
    try:
        message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message).execute())
        return message
    except Exception as e:
        print("err: problem sending email")
        print(e)

def main():
    """
    Set up Gmail API instance, use it to send an email
      'sender' is the Gmail address that is authenticated by the Gmail API
      'receiver' is the receiver's email address
      'subject' is the subject of our email
      'message_text' is the content of the email
    """
    # draft our message
    sender = '[email protected]'
    receiver = '[email protected]'
    subject = 'Just checking in!'
    message_text = "Hi! How's it going?"

    # authenticate with Gmail API
    service = get_gmail_api_instance()
    if service == None:
        print("err: no credentials .pickle file found")
        sys.exit(1)

    # create message structure
    message = create_message(sender, receiver, subject, message_text)

    # send email
    result = send_email(service, sender, message)
    if not result == None:
        print(f"Message sent successfully! Message id: {result['id']}")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

然后，要让 Django 发送有关 404、500 等错误的电子邮件，请添加到相关的：urls.py

from django.conf.urls import handler404, handler500
handler404 = projectname_views.error_404
handler500 = projectname_views.error_500

并在相关 中添加：views.py

import send_gmail
from django.shortcuts import render

def error_500(request):
    # call email function
    send_gmail.main()
    response = render(request, '500_errror_template.html')
    response.status_code = 500
    return response

GitHub gist 与上面的代码：https://gist.github.com/wcarhart/b4f509c46ad1515a9954d356aaf10df1

我想提供截至 2021 年 8 月的更新。

我仅使用 Django 中包含的库在企业 gmail 帐户上工作。

在 settings.py

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '[email protected]'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'myappspecificpassword'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER

对于密码，您需要为相关帐户生成特定于应用程序的密码。您可以通过访问此链接来做到这一点：https://security.google.com/settings/u/3/security/apppasswords。

注意：您必须为发送邮件的帐号启用双重身份验证。这必须通过您发送邮件的帐户启用，而不是通过管理员帐户启用。

这样，我就可以在 views.py 中的视图中使用此代码片段发送电子邮件

        from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
        ...


        email = EmailMessage(
        'Hello',
        'Body goes here',
        '[email protected]',
        ['[email protected]'],
        ['[email protected]'],
        reply_to=['[email protected]'],
        headers={'Message-ID': 'foo'},
        )
        
        email.send()