将逗号分隔的字符串转换为单独的行

您可以使用 SQL Server 中出色的递归函数：

---

示例表：

CREATE TABLE Testdata
(
    SomeID INT,
    OtherID INT,
    String VARCHAR(MAX)
);

INSERT Testdata SELECT 1,  9, '18,20,22';
INSERT Testdata SELECT 2,  8, '17,19';
INSERT Testdata SELECT 3,  7, '13,19,20';
INSERT Testdata SELECT 4,  6, '';
INSERT Testdata SELECT 9, 11, '1,2,3,4';

---

查询

WITH tmp(SomeID, OtherID, DataItem, String) AS
(
    SELECT
        SomeID,
        OtherID,
        LEFT(String, CHARINDEX(',', String + ',') - 1),
        STUFF(String, 1, CHARINDEX(',', String + ','), '')
    FROM Testdata
    UNION all

    SELECT
        SomeID,
        OtherID,
        LEFT(String, CHARINDEX(',', String + ',') - 1),
        STUFF(String, 1, CHARINDEX(',', String + ','), '')
    FROM tmp
    WHERE
        String > ''
)
SELECT
    SomeID,
    OtherID,
    DataItem
FROM tmp
ORDER BY SomeID;
-- OPTION (maxrecursion 0)
-- normally recursion is limited to 100. If you know you have very long
-- strings, uncomment the option

---

输出

 SomeID | OtherID | DataItem 
--------+---------+----------
 1      | 9       | 18       
 1      | 9       | 20       
 1      | 9       | 22       
 2      | 8       | 17       
 2      | 8       | 19       
 3      | 7       | 13       
 3      | 7       | 19       
 3      | 7       | 20       
 4      | 6       |          
 9      | 11      | 1        
 9      | 11      | 2        
 9      | 11      | 3        
 9      | 11      | 4        

;WITH tmp(SomeID, OtherID, DataItem, Data) as (
    SELECT SomeID, OtherID, LEFT(Data, CHARINDEX(',',Data+',')-1),
        STUFF(Data, 1, CHARINDEX(',',Data+','), '')
FROM Testdata
WHERE Data > ''
)
SELECT SomeID, OtherID, Data
FROM tmp
ORDER BY SomeID

只需对上述查询进行微小的修改......

检查这个

 SELECT A.OtherID,  
     Split.a.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)') AS Data  
 FROM  
 (
     SELECT OtherID,  
         CAST ('<M>' + REPLACE(Data, ',', '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) AS Data  
     FROM  Table1
 ) AS A CROSS APPLY Data.nodes ('/M') AS Split(a); 

DECLARE @id_list VARCHAR(MAX) = '1234,23,56,576,1231,567,122,87876,57553,1216';
DECLARE @table TABLE ( id VARCHAR(50) );
DECLARE @x INT = 0;
DECLARE @firstcomma INT = 0;
DECLARE @nextcomma INT = 0;

SET @x = LEN(@id_list) - LEN(REPLACE(@id_list, ',', '')) + 1; -- number of ids in id_list

WHILE @x > 0
    BEGIN
        SET @nextcomma = CASE WHEN CHARINDEX(',', @id_list, @firstcomma + 1) = 0
                              THEN LEN(@id_list) + 1
                              ELSE CHARINDEX(',', @id_list, @firstcomma + 1)
                         END;
        INSERT  INTO @table
        VALUES  ( SUBSTRING(@id_list, @firstcomma + 1, (@nextcomma - @firstcomma) - 1) );
        SET @firstcomma = CHARINDEX(',', @id_list, @firstcomma + 1);
        SET @x = @x - 1;
    END;

SELECT  *
FROM    @table;

截至 2016 年 2 月 - 参见 TALLY 表示例 - 从 2014 年 2 月开始，很可能会超过下面的 TVF。保留以下原始帖子供后代使用：

---

在上面的例子中，我喜欢的重复代码太多了。而且我不喜欢 CTE 和 XML 的性能。此外，显式，以便特定于订单的使用者可以指定子句。IdORDER BY

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.Split
(
    @Line nvarchar(MAX),
    @SplitOn nvarchar(5) = ','
)
RETURNS @RtnValue table
(
    Id INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,
    Data nvarchar(100) NOT NULL
)
AS
BEGIN
    IF @Line IS NULL RETURN;

    DECLARE @split_on_len INT = LEN(@SplitOn);
    DECLARE @start_at INT = 1;
    DECLARE @end_at INT;
    DECLARE @data_len INT;

    WHILE 1=1
    BEGIN
        SET @end_at = CHARINDEX(@SplitOn,@Line,@start_at);
        SET @data_len = CASE @end_at WHEN 0 THEN LEN(@Line) ELSE @end_at-@start_at END;
        INSERT INTO @RtnValue (data) VALUES( SUBSTRING(@Line,@start_at,@data_len) );
        IF @end_at = 0 BREAK;
        SET @start_at = @end_at + @split_on_len;
    END;

    RETURN;
END;

select t.OtherID,x.Kod
    from testData t
    cross apply (select Code from dbo.Split(t.Data,',') ) x

使用此方法时，必须确保任何值都不包含非法 XML – user1151923

我总是使用 XML 方法。请确保使用有效的 XML。我有两个函数可以在有效的 XML 和 Text 之间进行转换。（我倾向于去掉回车，因为我通常不需要它们。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.udf_ConvertTextToXML (@Text varchar(MAX)) 
    RETURNS varchar(MAX)
AS
    BEGIN
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,CHAR(10),'');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,CHAR(13),'');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'<','&lt;');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'&','&amp;');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'>','&gt;');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'''','&apos;');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'"','&quot;');
    RETURN @Text;
END;


CREATE FUNCTION dbo.udf_ConvertTextFromXML (@Text VARCHAR(MAX)) 
    RETURNS VARCHAR(max)
AS
    BEGIN
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'&lt;','<');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'&amp;','&');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'&gt;','>');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'&apos;','''');
        SET @Text = REPLACE(@Text,'&quot;','"');
    RETURN @Text;
END;

最后，SQL Server 2016 的等待结束了。他们引入了 Split string 函数，STRING_SPLIT：

select OtherID, cs.Value --SplitData
from yourtable
cross apply STRING_SPLIT (Data, ',') cs

所有其他拆分字符串的方法，如 XML、Tally 表、while 循环等。被这个功能震撼了。STRING_SPLIT

这是一篇带有性能比较的优秀文章：性能惊喜和假设：STRING_SPLIT。

对于旧版本，这里使用 tally 表是一个拆分字符串函数（最佳方法）

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[DelimitedSplit8K]
        (@pString VARCHAR(8000), @pDelimiter CHAR(1))
RETURNS TABLE WITH SCHEMABINDING AS
 RETURN
--===== "Inline" CTE Driven "Tally Table" produces values from 0 up to 10,000...
     -- enough to cover NVARCHAR(4000)
  WITH E1(N) AS (
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL 
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL 
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1
                ),                          --10E+1 or 10 rows
       E2(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E1 a, E1 b), --10E+2 or 100 rows
       E4(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E2 a, E2 b), --10E+4 or 10,000 rows max
 cteTally(N) AS (--==== This provides the "base" CTE and limits the number of rows right up front
                     -- for both a performance gain and prevention of accidental "overruns"
                 SELECT TOP (ISNULL(DATALENGTH(@pString),0)) ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) FROM E4
                ),
cteStart(N1) AS (--==== This returns N+1 (starting position of each "element" just once for each delimiter)
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL
                 SELECT t.N+1 FROM cteTally t WHERE SUBSTRING(@pString,t.N,1) = @pDelimiter
                ),
cteLen(N1,L1) AS(--==== Return start and length (for use in substring)
                 SELECT s.N1,
                        ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(@pDelimiter,@pString,s.N1),0)-s.N1,8000)
                   FROM cteStart s
                )
--===== Do the actual split. The ISNULL/NULLIF combo handles the length for the final element when no delimiter is found.
 SELECT ItemNumber = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY l.N1),
        Item       = SUBSTRING(@pString, l.N1, l.L1)
   FROM cteLen l
;

推荐自 Tally OH！改进的 SQL 8K“CSV 拆分器”函数

很高兴看到它在 2016 版本中得到了解决，但对于所有没有解决的问题，这里有上述方法的两个通用和简化版本。

XML 方法更短，但当然需要字符串来允许 xml-trick（没有“坏”字符）。

XML 方法：

create function dbo.splitString(@input Varchar(max), @Splitter VarChar(99)) returns table as
Return
    SELECT Split.a.value('.', 'VARCHAR(max)') AS Data FROM
    ( SELECT CAST ('<M>' + REPLACE(@input, @Splitter, '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) AS Data 
    ) AS A CROSS APPLY Data.nodes ('/M') AS Split(a); 

递归方法：

create function dbo.splitString(@input Varchar(max), @Splitter Varchar(99)) returns table as
Return
  with tmp (DataItem, ix) as
   ( select @input  , CHARINDEX('',@Input)  --Recu. start, ignored val to get the types right
     union all
     select Substring(@input, ix+1,ix2-ix-1), ix2
     from (Select *, CHARINDEX(@Splitter,@Input+@Splitter,ix+1) ix2 from tmp) x where ix2<>0
   ) select DataItem from tmp where ix<>0

功能在行动

Create table TEST_X (A int, CSV Varchar(100));
Insert into test_x select 1, 'A,B';
Insert into test_x select 2, 'C,D';

Select A,data from TEST_X x cross apply dbo.splitString(x.CSV,',') Y;

Drop table TEST_X

XML 方法 2：Unicode 友好😀（由 Max Hodges 提供） create function dbo.splitString(@input nVarchar(max), @Splitter nVarchar(99)) returns table as Return SELECT Split.a.value('.', 'NVARCHAR(max)') AS Data FROM ( SELECT CAST ('<M>' + REPLACE(@input, @Splitter, '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) AS Data ) AS A CROSS APPLY Data.nodes ('/M') AS Split(a);

下面适用于 sql server 2008

select *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(order by items) as row# 
from 
( select 134 myColumn1, 34 myColumn2, 'd,c,k,e,f,g,h,a' comaSeperatedColumn) myTable
    cross apply 
SPLIT (rtrim(comaSeperatedColumn), ',') splitedTable -- gives 'items'  column 

将获得所有笛卡尔积，其原点表列加上拆分表的“项目”。

功能

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitToRows (@column varchar(100), @separator varchar(10))
RETURNS @rtnTable TABLE
  (
  ID int identity(1,1),
  ColumnA varchar(max)
  )
 AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @position int = 0;
    DECLARE @endAt int = 0;
    DECLARE @tempString varchar(100);
    
    set @column = ltrim(rtrim(@column));

    WHILE @position<=len(@column)
    BEGIN       
        set @endAt = CHARINDEX(@separator,@column,@position);
            if(@endAt=0)
            begin
            Insert into @rtnTable(ColumnA) Select substring(@column,@position,len(@column)-@position);
            break;
            end;
        set @tempString = substring(ltrim(rtrim(@column)),@position,@endAt-@position);

        Insert into @rtnTable(ColumnA) select @tempString;
        set @position=@endAt+1;
    END;
    return;
END;

用例

select * from dbo.SplitToRows('T14; p226.0001; eee; 3554;', ';');

或者只是具有多个结果集的选择

DECLARE @column varchar(max)= '1234; 4748;abcde; 324432';
DECLARE @separator varchar(10) = ';';
DECLARE @position int = 0;
DECLARE @endAt int = 0;
DECLARE @tempString varchar(100);

set @column = ltrim(rtrim(@column));

WHILE @position<=len(@column)
BEGIN       
    set @endAt = CHARINDEX(@separator,@column,@position);
        if(@endAt=0)
        begin
        Select substring(@column,@position,len(@column)-@position);
        break;
        end;
    set @tempString = substring(ltrim(rtrim(@column)),@position,@endAt-@position);

    select @tempString;
    set @position=@endAt+1;
END;

请参考下面的 TSQL。STRING_SPLIT功能仅在兼容级别 130 及以上的情况下可用。

TSQL格式：

DECLARE @stringValue NVARCHAR(400) = 'red,blue,green,yellow,black';
DECLARE @separator CHAR = ',';

SELECT [value]  As Colour
FROM STRING_SPLIT(@stringValue, @separator); 

结果：

颜色

红 蓝 绿 黄色 黑

很晚了，但试试这个：

SELECT ColumnID, Column1, value  --Do not change 'value' name. Leave it as it is.
FROM tbl_Sample  
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(Tags, ','); --'Tags' is the name of column containing comma separated values

所以我们有这个： tbl_Sample ：

ColumnID|   Column1 |   Tags
--------|-----------|-------------
1       |   ABC     |   10,11,12    
2       |   PQR     |   20,21,22

运行此查询后：

ColumnID|   Column1 |   value
--------|-----------|-----------
1       |   ABC     |   10
1       |   ABC     |   11
1       |   ABC     |   12
2       |   PQR     |   20
2       |   PQR     |   21
2       |   PQR     |   22

谢谢！

您可以使用以下函数提取数据

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SplitString]
(    
    @RowData NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @Delimeter NVARCHAR(MAX)
)
RETURNS @RtnValue TABLE 
(
    ID INT IDENTITY(1,1),
    Data NVARCHAR(MAX)
) 
AS
BEGIN 
    DECLARE @Iterator INT;
    SET @Iterator = 1;

    DECLARE @FoundIndex INT;
    SET @FoundIndex = CHARINDEX(@Delimeter,@RowData);

    WHILE (@FoundIndex>0)
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO @RtnValue (data)
        SELECT 
            Data = LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@RowData, 1, @FoundIndex - 1)));

        SET @RowData = SUBSTRING(@RowData,
                @FoundIndex + DATALENGTH(@Delimeter) / 2,
                LEN(@RowData));

        SET @Iterator = @Iterator + 1;
        SET @FoundIndex = CHARINDEX(@Delimeter, @RowData);
    END;
    
    INSERT INTO @RtnValue (Data)
    SELECT Data = LTRIM(RTRIM(@RowData));

    RETURN;
END;

通过创建这个拆分字符串的函数 （[DelimitedSplit]），您可以对 SELECT 执行 OUTER APPLY。

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[DelimitedSplit]
--===== Define I/O parameters
        (@pString VARCHAR(8000), @pDelimiter CHAR(1))
--WARNING!!! DO NOT USE MAX DATA-TYPES HERE!  IT WILL KILL PERFORMANCE!
RETURNS TABLE WITH SCHEMABINDING AS
 RETURN
--===== "Inline" CTE Driven "Tally Table" produces values from 1 up to 10,000...
     -- enough to cover VARCHAR(8000)
  WITH E1(N) AS (
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1
                ),                          --10E+1 or 10 rows
       E2(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E1 a INNER JOIN E1 b ON b.N = a.N), --10E+2 or 100 rows
       E4(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E2 a INNER JOIN E2 b ON b.N = a.N), --10E+4 or 10,000 rows max
 cteTally(N) AS (--==== This provides the "base" CTE and limits the number of rows right up front
                     -- for both a performance gain and prevention of accidental "overruns"
                 SELECT TOP (ISNULL(DATALENGTH(@pString),0)) ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) FROM E4
                ),
cteStart(N1) AS (--==== This returns N+1 (starting position of each "element" just once for each delimiter)
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL
                 SELECT t.N+1 FROM cteTally t WHERE SUBSTRING(@pString,t.N,1) = @pDelimiter
                ),
cteLen(N1,L1) AS(--==== Return start and length (for use in substring)
                 SELECT s.N1,
                        ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(@pDelimiter,@pString,s.N1),0)-s.N1,8000)
                   FROM cteStart s
                )
--===== Do the actual split. The ISNULL/NULLIF combo handles the length for the final element when no delimiter is found.
 SELECT ItemNumber = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY l.N1),
        Item       = SUBSTRING(@pString, l.N1, l.L1)
   FROM cteLen l
;

测试

CREATE TABLE #Testdata
(
    SomeID INT,
    OtherID INT,
    String VARCHAR(MAX)
);

INSERT #Testdata SELECT 1,  9, '18,20,22';
INSERT #Testdata SELECT 2,  8, '17,19';
INSERT #Testdata SELECT 3,  7, '13,19,20';
INSERT #Testdata SELECT 4,  6, '';
INSERT #Testdata SELECT 9, 11, '1,2,3,4';

SELECT
 *
FROM #Testdata
OUTER APPLY [dbo].[DelimitedSplit](String,',');

DROP TABLE #Testdata;

结果

SomeID  OtherID String      ItemNumber  Item
1       9       18,20,22    1           18
1       9       18,20,22    2           20
1       9       18,20,22    3           22
2       8       17,19       1           17
2       8       17,19       2           19
3       7       13,19,20    1           13
3       7       13,19,20    2           19
3       7       13,19,20    3           20
4       6       1   
9       11      1,2,3,4     1           1
9       11      1,2,3,4     2           2
9       11      1,2,3,4     3           3
9       11      1,2,3,4     4           4

我知道它有很多答案，但我想像其他人一样编写我的拆分函数版本，就像string_split SQL Server 2016 本机函数一样。

create function [dbo].[Split]
(
    @Value nvarchar(max),
    @Delimiter nvarchar(50)
)
returns @tbl table
(
    Seq int primary key identity(1, 1),
    Value nvarchar(max)
)
as begin
    declare @Xml xml = cast('<d>' + replace(@Value, @Delimiter, '</d><d>') + '</d>' as xml);

    insert into @tbl
            (Value)
    select  a.split.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)') as Value
    from    @Xml.nodes('/d') a(split);
    
    return;
end;

• Seq 列是主键，支持与其他实表或 Split 函数返回表的快速连接。
• 使用XML函数支持大数据（当你有大数据时，循环版本会明显变慢）

这是问题的答案。

CREATE TABLE Testdata
(
    SomeID INT,
    OtherID INT,
    String VARCHAR(MAX)
);

INSERT Testdata SELECT 1,  9, '18,20,22';
INSERT Testdata SELECT 2,  8, '17,19';
INSERT Testdata SELECT 3,  7, '13,19,20';
INSERT Testdata SELECT 4,  6, '';
INSERT Testdata SELECT 9, 11, '1,2,3,4';


select  t.SomeID, t.OtherID, s.Value
from    Testdata t
        cross apply dbo.Split(t.String, ',') s;

--Output
SomeID  OtherID Value
1       9       18
1       9       20
1       9       22
2       8       17
2       8       19
3       7       13
3       7       19
3       7       20
4       6       
9       11      1
9       11      2
9       11      3
9       11      4

---

将 Split 与其他拆分联接

declare @Names nvarchar(max) = 'a,b,c,d';
declare @Codes nvarchar(max) = '10,20,30,40';

select  n.Seq, n.Value Name, c.Value Code
from    dbo.Split(@Names, ',') n
        inner join dbo.Split(@Codes, ',') c on n.Seq = c.Seq;

--Output
Seq Name    Code
1   a       10
2   b       20
3   c       30
4   d       40

---

拆分两次

declare @NationLocSex nvarchar(max) = 'Korea,Seoul,1;Vietnam,Kiengiang,0;China,Xian,0';

with rows as
(
    select  Value
    from    dbo.Split(@NationLocSex, ';')
)
select  rw.Value r, cl.Value c
from    rows rw
        cross apply dbo.Split(rw.Value, ',') cl;

--Output
r                       c
Korea,Seoul,1           Korea
Korea,Seoul,1           Seoul
Korea,Seoul,1           1
Vietnam,Kiengiang,0     Vietnam
Vietnam,Kiengiang,0     Kiengiang
Vietnam,Kiengiang,0     0
China,Xian,0            China
China,Xian,0            Xian
China,Xian,0            0

---

拆分为列

declare @Numbers nvarchar(50) = 'First,Second,Third';

with t as
(
    select  case when Seq = 1 then Value end f1,
            case when Seq = 2 then Value end f2,
            case when Seq = 3 then Value end f3
    from    dbo.Split(@Numbers, ',')
)
select  min(f1) f1, min(f2) f2, min(f3) f3
from    t;

--Output
f1      f2      f3
First   Second  Third

---

按范围生成行

declare @Ranges nvarchar(50) = '1-2,4-6';

declare @Numbers table (Num int);
insert into @Numbers values (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8);

with t as
(
    select  r.Seq, r.Value,
            min(case when ft.Seq = 1 then ft.Value end) ValueFrom,
            min(case when ft.Seq = 2 then ft.Value end) ValueTo
    from    dbo.Split(@Ranges, ',') r
            cross apply dbo.Split(r.Value, '-') ft
    group by r.Seq, r.Value
)
select  t.Seq, t.Value, t.ValueFrom, t.ValueTo, n.Num
from    t
        inner join @Numbers n on n.Num between t.ValueFrom and t.ValueTo;

--Output
Seq Value   ValueFrom   ValueTo Num
1   1-2     1           2       1
1   1-2     1           2       2
2   4-6     4           6       4
2   4-6     4           6       5
2   4-6     4           6       6

---

从 SQL Server 2016 （13.x）SQL Server 2016 （13.x）SQL Server 2016 （13.x）SQL Server 2016 （13.x）SQL Server 2016 （13.x）SQL Server 2016 （13.x）SQL Server 2016 （13.x）SQL Server 2016 （13.x

SELECT tab.SomeID, tab.OtherID, value AS val
FROM tab
CROSS APPLY OPENJSON(CONCAT('[', tab.Data, ']'))

输出：

在此处查看演示。

以下是如何使用STRING_SPLIT的示例

DECLARE @MY_VALUES NVARCHAR(100)

SET @MY_VALUES = 'Apple,Orange,Banana,Coconut'

SELECT VALUE FROM STRING_SPLIT(@MY_VALUES, ',');

结果：

Apple
Orange
Banana
Coconut