T-SQL 拆分字符串

我以前使用过这个 SQL，它可能对你有用：-

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.splitstring ( @stringToSplit VARCHAR(MAX) )
RETURNS
 @returnList TABLE ([Name] [nvarchar] (500))
AS
BEGIN

 DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(255)
 DECLARE @pos INT

 WHILE CHARINDEX(',', @stringToSplit) > 0
 BEGIN
  SELECT @pos  = CHARINDEX(',', @stringToSplit)  
  SELECT @name = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, 1, @pos-1)

  INSERT INTO @returnList 
  SELECT @name

  SELECT @stringToSplit = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, @pos+1, LEN(@stringToSplit)-@pos)
 END

 INSERT INTO @returnList
 SELECT @stringToSplit

 RETURN
END

并使用它：-

SELECT * FROM dbo.splitstring('91,12,65,78,56,789')

如果将

WHILE CHARINDEX(',', @stringToSplit) > 0

跟

WHILE LEN(@stringToSplit) > 0

您可以消除 while 循环之后的最后一个插入！

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.splitstring ( @stringToSplit VARCHAR(MAX) )
RETURNS
 @returnList TABLE ([Name] [nvarchar] (500))
AS
BEGIN

 DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(255)
 DECLARE @pos INT

 WHILE LEN(@stringToSplit) > 0
 BEGIN
  SELECT @pos  = CHARINDEX(',', @stringToSplit)


if @pos = 0
        SELECT @pos = LEN(@stringToSplit)


  SELECT @name = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, 1, @pos-1)

  INSERT INTO @returnList 
  SELECT @name

  SELECT @stringToSplit = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, @pos+1, LEN(@stringToSplit)-@pos)
 END

 RETURN
END

我最近不得不写这样的东西。这是我想出的解决方案。它适用于任何分隔符字符串，我认为它的性能会稍微好一些：

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SplitString] 
    ( @string nvarchar(4000)
    , @delim nvarchar(100) )
RETURNS
    @result TABLE 
        ( [Value] nvarchar(4000) NOT NULL
        , [Index] int NOT NULL )
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @str nvarchar(4000)
          , @pos int 
          , @prv int = 1

    SELECT @pos = CHARINDEX(@delim, @string)
    WHILE @pos > 0
    BEGIN
        SELECT @str = SUBSTRING(@string, @prv, @pos - @prv)
        INSERT INTO @result SELECT @str, @prv

        SELECT @prv = @pos + LEN(@delim)
             , @pos = CHARINDEX(@delim, @string, @pos + 1)
    END

    INSERT INTO @result SELECT SUBSTRING(@string, @prv, 4000), @prv
    RETURN
END

使用 CTE 的解决方案，如果有人需要它（除了我，他显然这样做了，这就是我写它的原因）。

declare @StringToSplit varchar(100) = 'Test1,Test2,Test3';
declare @SplitChar varchar(10) = ',';

with StringToSplit as (
  select 
      ltrim( rtrim( substring( @StringToSplit, 1, charindex( @SplitChar, @StringToSplit ) - 1 ) ) ) Head
    , substring( @StringToSplit, charindex( @SplitChar, @StringToSplit ) + 1, len( @StringToSplit ) ) Tail

  union all

  select
      ltrim( rtrim( substring( Tail, 1, charindex( @SplitChar, Tail ) - 1 ) ) ) Head
    , substring( Tail, charindex( @SplitChar, Tail ) + 1, len( Tail ) ) Tail
  from StringToSplit
  where charindex( @SplitChar, Tail ) > 0

  union all

  select
      ltrim( rtrim( Tail ) ) Head
    , '' Tail
  from StringToSplit
  where charindex( @SplitChar, Tail ) = 0
    and len( Tail ) > 0
)
select Head from StringToSplit

ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].func_split_string
(
    @input as varchar(max),
    @delimiter as varchar(10) = ";"

)
RETURNS @result TABLE
(
    id smallint identity(1,1),
    csv_value varchar(max) not null
)
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @pos AS INT;
    DECLARE @string AS VARCHAR(MAX) = '';

    WHILE LEN(@input) > 0
    BEGIN           
        SELECT @pos = CHARINDEX(@delimiter,@input);

        IF(@pos<=0)
            select @pos = len(@input)

        IF(@pos <> LEN(@input))
            SELECT @string = SUBSTRING(@input, 1, @pos-1);
        ELSE
            SELECT @string = SUBSTRING(@input, 1, @pos);

        INSERT INTO @result SELECT @string

        SELECT @input = SUBSTRING(@input, @pos+len(@delimiter), LEN(@input)-@pos)       
    END
    RETURN  
END

除了递归 CTE 和 while 循环之外，有没有人考虑过更基于集合的方法？请注意，此函数是针对问题编写的，该问题基于 SQL Server 2008 和逗号作为分隔符。在 SQL Server 2016 及更高版本（以及兼容级别 130 及更高版本）中，STRING_SPLIT（） 是更好的选择。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitString
(
  @List     nvarchar(max),
  @Delim    nvarchar(255)
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
  RETURN ( SELECT [Value] FROM 
  ( 
    SELECT [Value] = LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@List, [Number],
      CHARINDEX(@Delim, @List + @Delim, [Number]) - [Number])))
    FROM (SELECT Number = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name)
      FROM sys.all_columns) AS x WHERE Number <= LEN(@List)
      AND SUBSTRING(@Delim + @List, [Number], DATALENGTH(@Delim)/2) = @Delim
    ) AS y
  );
GO

如果要避免字符串长度限制为 <= 中的行数（在 SQL Server 2017 中为 9,980 英寸;在你自己的用户数据库中要高得多），可以使用其他方法来派生数字，例如生成自己的数字表。在无法使用系统表或创建自己的表的情况下，还可以使用递归 CTE：sys.all_columnsmodel

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitString
(
  @List     nvarchar(max),
  @Delim    nvarchar(255)
)
RETURNS TABLE WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
   RETURN ( WITH n(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 
       FROM n WHERE n <= LEN(@List))
       SELECT [Value] = SUBSTRING(@List, n, 
       CHARINDEX(@Delim, @List + @Delim, n) - n)
       FROM n WHERE n <= LEN(@List)
      AND SUBSTRING(@Delim + @List, n, DATALENGTH(@Delim)/2) = @Delim
   );
GO

但是，您必须将 （or ） 追加到外部查询，以避免 100 个字符>字符串的递归错误。如果这也不是一个好的选择，那么请参阅评论中指出的这个答案，或者如果你需要一个有序的拆分字符串函数，请参阅这个答案。OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0)MAXRECURSION <longest possible string length if < 32768>

（此外，分隔符必须是 .仍在研究原因。NCHAR(<=1228)

更多关于拆分函数的信息，为什么（并证明）循环和递归 CTE 无法扩展，以及更好的替代方案，如果你要拆分来自应用层的字符串：

• 拆分字符串

这是更狭隘的定制。当我这样做时，我通常有一个逗号分隔的唯一 ID（INT 或 BIGINT）列表，我想将其转换为一个表，以用作另一个主键为 INT 或 BIGINT 的表的内部联接。我想要返回一个内联表值函数，以便我尽可能有效地联接。

示例用法为：

 DECLARE @IDs VARCHAR(1000);
 SET @IDs = ',99,206,124,8967,1,7,3,45234,2,889,987979,';
 SELECT me.Value
 FROM dbo.MyEnum me
 INNER JOIN dbo.GetIntIdsTableFromDelimitedString(@IDs) ids ON me.PrimaryKey = ids.ID

我从 http://sqlrecords.blogspot.com/2012/11/converting-delimited-list-to-table.html 中窃取了这个想法，将其更改为内联表值并转换为 INT。

create function dbo.GetIntIDTableFromDelimitedString
    (
    @IDs VARCHAR(1000)  --this parameter must start and end with a comma, eg ',123,456,'
                        --all items in list must be perfectly formatted or function will error
)
RETURNS TABLE AS
 RETURN

SELECT
    CAST(SUBSTRING(@IDs,Nums.number + 1,CHARINDEX(',',@IDs,(Nums.number+2)) - Nums.number - 1) AS INT) AS ID 
FROM   
     [master].[dbo].[spt_values] Nums
WHERE Nums.Type = 'P' 
AND    Nums.number BETWEEN 1 AND DATALENGTH(@IDs)
AND    SUBSTRING(@IDs,Nums.number,1) = ','
AND    CHARINDEX(',',@IDs,(Nums.number+1)) > Nums.number;

GO

这是一个可以使用 patindex 在模式上拆分的版本，这是对上面帖子的简单改编。我有一个案例，我需要拆分一个包含多个分隔符字符的字符串。

alter FUNCTION dbo.splitstring ( @stringToSplit VARCHAR(1000), @splitPattern varchar(10) )
RETURNS
 @returnList TABLE ([Name] [nvarchar] (500))
AS
BEGIN

 DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(255)
 DECLARE @pos INT

 WHILE PATINDEX(@splitPattern, @stringToSplit) > 0
 BEGIN
  SELECT @pos  = PATINDEX(@splitPattern, @stringToSplit)  
  SELECT @name = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, 1, @pos-1)

  INSERT INTO @returnList 
  SELECT @name

  SELECT @stringToSplit = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, @pos+1, LEN(@stringToSplit)-@pos)
 END

 INSERT INTO @returnList
 SELECT @stringToSplit

 RETURN
END
select * from dbo.splitstring('stringa/stringb/x,y,z','%[/,]%');

结果如下所示

字符串 字符串b x y z

我需要一种快速的方法来摆脱邮政编码。+4

UPDATE #Emails 
  SET ZIPCode = SUBSTRING(ZIPCode, 1, (CHARINDEX('-', ZIPCODE)-1)) 
  WHERE ZIPCode LIKE '%-%'

无程序...没有 UDF...只是一个紧凑的小内联命令，可以执行它必须执行的操作。不花哨，不优雅。

根据需要更改分隔符等，它将适用于任何事情。

我个人使用这个功能：

ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[CUST_SplitString]
(
    @String NVARCHAR(4000),
    @Delimiter NCHAR(1)
)
RETURNS TABLE 
AS
RETURN 
(
    WITH Split(stpos,endpos) 
    AS(
        SELECT 0 AS stpos, CHARINDEX(@Delimiter,@String) AS endpos
        UNION ALL
        SELECT endpos+1, CHARINDEX(@Delimiter,@String,endpos+1) 
        FROM Split
        WHERE endpos > 0
    )
    SELECT 'Id' = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)),
        'Data' = SUBSTRING(@String,stpos,COALESCE(NULLIF(endpos,0),LEN(@String)+1)-stpos)
    FROM Split
)

我按照这里的要求开发了一个双拆分器（需要两个拆分字符）。在此线程中可能具有一些价值，因为它是与字符串拆分相关的查询引用最多的查询。

CREATE FUNCTION uft_DoubleSplitter 
(   
    -- Add the parameters for the function here
    @String VARCHAR(4000), 
    @Splitter1 CHAR,
    @Splitter2 CHAR
)
RETURNS @Result TABLE (Id INT,MId INT,SValue VARCHAR(4000))
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @FResult TABLE(Id INT IDENTITY(1, 1),
                   SValue VARCHAR(4000))
DECLARE @SResult TABLE(Id INT IDENTITY(1, 1),
                   MId INT,
                   SValue VARCHAR(4000))
SET @String = @String+@Splitter1

WHILE CHARINDEX(@Splitter1, @String) > 0
    BEGIN
       DECLARE @WorkingString VARCHAR(4000) = NULL

       SET @WorkingString = SUBSTRING(@String, 1, CHARINDEX(@Splitter1, @String) - 1)
       --Print @workingString

       INSERT INTO @FResult
       SELECT CASE
            WHEN @WorkingString = '' THEN NULL
            ELSE @WorkingString
            END

       SET @String = SUBSTRING(@String, LEN(@WorkingString) + 2, LEN(@String))

    END
IF ISNULL(@Splitter2, '') != ''
    BEGIN
       DECLARE @OStartLoop INT
       DECLARE @OEndLoop INT

       SELECT @OStartLoop = MIN(Id),
            @OEndLoop = MAX(Id)
       FROM @FResult

       WHILE @OStartLoop <= @OEndLoop
          BEGIN
             DECLARE @iString VARCHAR(4000)
             DECLARE @iMId INT

             SELECT @iString = SValue+@Splitter2,
                   @iMId = Id
             FROM @FResult
             WHERE Id = @OStartLoop

             WHILE CHARINDEX(@Splitter2, @iString) > 0
                BEGIN
                    DECLARE @iWorkingString VARCHAR(4000) = NULL

                    SET @IWorkingString = SUBSTRING(@iString, 1, CHARINDEX(@Splitter2, @iString) - 1)

                    INSERT INTO @SResult
                    SELECT @iMId,
                         CASE
                         WHEN @iWorkingString = '' THEN NULL
                         ELSE @iWorkingString
                         END

                    SET @iString = SUBSTRING(@iString, LEN(@iWorkingString) + 2, LEN(@iString))

                END

             SET @OStartLoop = @OStartLoop + 1
          END
       INSERT INTO @Result
       SELECT MId AS PrimarySplitID,
            ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY MId ORDER BY Mid, Id) AS SecondarySplitID ,
            SValue
       FROM @SResult
    END
ELSE
    BEGIN
       INSERT INTO @Result
       SELECT Id AS PrimarySplitID,
            NULL AS SecondarySplitID,
            SValue
       FROM @FResult
    END
RETURN

用法：

--FirstSplit
SELECT * FROM uft_DoubleSplitter('ValueA=ValueB=ValueC=ValueD==ValueE&ValueA=ValueB=ValueC===ValueE&ValueA=ValueB==ValueD===','&',NULL)

--Second Split
SELECT * FROM uft_DoubleSplitter('ValueA=ValueB=ValueC=ValueD==ValueE&ValueA=ValueB=ValueC===ValueE&ValueA=ValueB==ValueD===','&','=')

可能的用法（获取每个拆分的第二个值）：

SELECT fn.SValue
FROM uft_DoubleSplitter('ValueA=ValueB=ValueC=ValueD==ValueE&ValueA=ValueB=ValueC===ValueE&ValueA=ValueB==ValueD===', '&', '=')AS fn
WHERE fn.mid = 2

最简单的方法是使用格式。XML

1.将字符串转换为没有表格的行

查询

DECLARE @String varchar(100) = 'String1,String2,String3'
-- To change ',' to any other delimeter, just change ',' to your desired one
DECLARE @Delimiter CHAR = ','    

SELECT LTRIM(RTRIM(Split.a.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)'))) 'Value' 
FROM  
(     
     SELECT CAST ('<M>' + REPLACE(@String, @Delimiter, '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) AS Data            
) AS A 
CROSS APPLY Data.nodes ('/M') AS Split(a)

结果

 x---------x
 | Value   |
 x---------x
 | String1 |
 | String2 |
 | String3 |
 x---------x

2. 从表中转换为每个 CSV 行都有一个 ID 的行

源表

 x-----x--------------------------x
 | Id  |           Value          |
 x-----x--------------------------x
 |  1  |  String1,String2,String3 |
 |  2  |  String4,String5,String6 |     
 x-----x--------------------------x

查询

-- To change ',' to any other delimeter, just change ',' before '</M><M>' to your desired one
DECLARE @Delimiter CHAR = ','

SELECT ID,LTRIM(RTRIM(Split.a.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)'))) 'Value' 
FROM  
(     
     SELECT ID,CAST ('<M>' + REPLACE(VALUE, @Delimiter, '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) AS Data            
     FROM TABLENAME
) AS A 
CROSS APPLY Data.nodes ('/M') AS Split(a)

结果

 x-----x----------x
 | Id  |  Value   |
 x-----x----------x
 |  1  |  String1 |
 |  1  |  String2 |  
 |  1  |  String3 |
 |  2  |  String4 |  
 |  2  |  String5 |
 |  2  |  String6 |     
 x-----x----------x

这里有一个正确的版本，但我认为添加一点容错会很好，以防它们有一个尾随逗号，并制作它，这样你就可以不将其用作函数，而是将其用作更大代码的一部分。以防万一您只使用一次并且不需要功能。这也适用于整数（这是我需要它的原因），因此您可能需要更改数据类型。

DECLARE @StringToSeperate VARCHAR(10)
SET @StringToSeperate = '1,2,5'

--SELECT @StringToSeperate IDs INTO #Test

DROP TABLE #IDs
CREATE TABLE #IDs (ID int) 

DECLARE @CommaSeperatedValue NVARCHAR(255) = ''
DECLARE @Position INT = LEN(@StringToSeperate)

--Add Each Value
WHILE CHARINDEX(',', @StringToSeperate) > 0
BEGIN
    SELECT @Position  = CHARINDEX(',', @StringToSeperate)  
    SELECT @CommaSeperatedValue = SUBSTRING(@StringToSeperate, 1, @Position-1)

    INSERT INTO #IDs 
    SELECT @CommaSeperatedValue

    SELECT @StringToSeperate = SUBSTRING(@StringToSeperate, @Position+1, LEN(@StringToSeperate)-@Position)

END

--Add Last Value
IF (LEN(LTRIM(RTRIM(@StringToSeperate)))>0)
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO #IDs
    SELECT SUBSTRING(@StringToSeperate, 1, @Position)
END

SELECT * FROM #IDs

我稍微修改了 +Andy Robinson 的功能。现在，您可以从返回表中仅选择所需的零件：

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.splitstring ( @stringToSplit VARCHAR(MAX) )

RETURNS

 @returnList TABLE ([numOrder] [tinyint] , [Name] [nvarchar] (500)) AS
BEGIN

 DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(255)

 DECLARE @pos INT

 DECLARE @orderNum INT

 SET @orderNum=0

 WHILE CHARINDEX('.', @stringToSplit) > 0

 BEGIN
    SELECT @orderNum=@orderNum+1;
  SELECT @pos  = CHARINDEX('.', @stringToSplit)  
  SELECT @name = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, 1, @pos-1)

  INSERT INTO @returnList 
  SELECT @orderNum,@name

  SELECT @stringToSplit = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, @pos+1, LEN(@stringToSplit)-@pos)
 END
    SELECT @orderNum=@orderNum+1;
 INSERT INTO @returnList
 SELECT @orderNum, @stringToSplit

 RETURN
END


Usage:

SELECT Name FROM dbo.splitstring('ELIS.YD.CRP1.1.CBA.MDSP.T389.BT') WHERE numOrder=5

您可以使用此功能：

        CREATE FUNCTION SplitString
        (    
           @Input NVARCHAR(MAX),
           @Character CHAR(1)
          )
            RETURNS @Output TABLE (
            Item NVARCHAR(1000)
          )
        AS
        BEGIN

      DECLARE @StartIndex INT, @EndIndex INT
      SET @StartIndex = 1
      IF SUBSTRING(@Input, LEN(@Input) - 1, LEN(@Input)) <> @Character
      BEGIN
            SET @Input = @Input + @Character
      END

      WHILE CHARINDEX(@Character, @Input) > 0
      BEGIN
            SET @EndIndex = CHARINDEX(@Character, @Input)

            INSERT INTO @Output(Item)
            SELECT SUBSTRING(@Input, @StartIndex, @EndIndex - 1)

            SET @Input = SUBSTRING(@Input, @EndIndex + 1, LEN(@Input))
      END

      RETURN
END
GO

最简单的方法：

1. 安装 SQL Server 2016Install SQL Server 2016
2. 使用STRING_SPLIT https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt684588.aspx

它甚至可以在 :) 速成版中工作。

最后，在SQL Server 2016中，等待结束了，他们引入了拆分字符串函数： STRING_SPLIT

select * From STRING_SPLIT ('a,b', ',') cs 

所有其他拆分字符串的方法，如 XML、Tally 表、while 循环等。被这个功能震撼了。STRING_SPLIT

这是一篇性能比较的优秀文章：性能惊喜和假设：STRING_SPLIT

这是一个示例，您可以将其用作函数，也可以将相同的逻辑放入过程中。 --SELECT * 来自 [dbo].fn_SplitString ;

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_SplitString]
(@CSV VARCHAR(MAX), @Delimeter VARCHAR(100) = ',')
       RETURNS @retTable TABLE 
(

    [value] VARCHAR(MAX) NULL
)AS

BEGIN

DECLARE
       @vCSV VARCHAR (MAX) = @CSV,
       @vDelimeter VARCHAR (100) = @Delimeter;

IF @vDelimeter = ';'
BEGIN
    SET @vCSV = REPLACE(@vCSV, ';', '~!~#~');
    SET @vDelimeter = REPLACE(@vDelimeter, ';', '~!~#~');
END;

SET @vCSV = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@vCSV, '&', '&amp;'), '<', '&lt;'), '>', '&gt;'), '''', '&apos;'), '"', '&quot;');

DECLARE @xml XML;

SET @xml = '<i>' + REPLACE(@vCSV, @vDelimeter, '</i><i>') + '</i>';

INSERT INTO @retTable
SELECT
       x.i.value('.', 'varchar(max)') AS COLUMNNAME
  FROM @xml.nodes('//i')AS x(i);

 RETURN;
END;

/*

T-SQL 拆分字符串
的答案 基于 Andy Robinson 和 AviG
的回答 增强功能 ref： LEN 函数在 SQL Server
中不包括尾随空格 此“文件”应作为 Markdown 文件和 SQL 文件均有效

*/

    CREATE FUNCTION dbo.splitstring ( --CREATE OR ALTER
        @stringToSplit NVARCHAR(MAX)
    ) RETURNS @returnList TABLE ([Item] NVARCHAR (MAX))
    AS BEGIN
        DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(MAX)
        DECLARE @pos BIGINT
        SET @stringToSplit = @stringToSplit + ','             -- this should allow entries that end with a `,` to have a blank value in that "column"
        WHILE ((LEN(@stringToSplit+'_') > 1)) BEGIN           -- `+'_'` gets around LEN trimming terminal spaces. See URL referenced above
            SET @pos = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(',', @stringToSplit),0),LEN(@stringToSplit+'_')) -- COALESCE grabs first non-null value
            SET @name = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, 1, @pos-1)  --MAX size of string of type nvarchar is 4000 
            SET @stringToSplit = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, @pos+1, 4000) -- With SUBSTRING fn (MS web): "If start is greater than the number of characters in the value expression, a zero-length expression is returned."
            INSERT INTO @returnList SELECT @name --additional debugging parameters below can be added
            -- + ' pos:' + CAST(@pos as nvarchar) + ' remain:''' + @stringToSplit + '''(' + CAST(LEN(@stringToSplit+'_')-1 as nvarchar) + ')'
        END
        RETURN
    END
    GO

/*

测试用例：请参阅上面引用的“增强功能”URL

SELECT *,LEN(Item+'_')-1 'L' from splitstring('a,,b')

Item | L
---  | ---
a    | 1
     | 0
b    | 1

SELECT *,LEN(Item+'_')-1 'L' from splitstring('a,,')

Item | L   
---  | ---
a    | 1
     | 0
     | 0

SELECT *,LEN(Item+'_')-1 'L' from splitstring('a,, ')

Item | L   
---  | ---
a    | 1
     | 0
     | 1

SELECT *,LEN(Item+'_')-1 'L' from splitstring('a,, c ')

Item | L   
---  | ---
a    | 1
     | 0
 c   | 3

*/

所有使用某种循环（迭代）的字符串拆分函数的性能都很差。它们应该被替换为基于集合的解决方案。

此代码执行出色。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitStrings
(
   @List       NVARCHAR(MAX),
   @Delimiter  NVARCHAR(255)
)
RETURNS TABLE
WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
   RETURN 
   (  
      SELECT Item = y.i.value('(./text())[1]', 'nvarchar(4000)')
      FROM 
      ( 
        SELECT x = CONVERT(XML, '<i>' 
          + REPLACE(@List, @Delimiter, '</i><i>') 
          + '</i>').query('.')
      ) AS a CROSS APPLY x.nodes('i') AS y(i)
   );
GO

XML 元素的常用方法在禁止字符的情况下会中断。这是一种将此方法用于任何类型的字符的方法，即使使用分号作为分隔符也是如此。

诀窍是，首先要让所有被禁止的角色正确逃脱。这就是为什么我将分隔符替换为魔术值以避免作为分隔符的麻烦的原因。SELECT SomeString AS [*] FOR XML PATH('');

DECLARE @Dummy TABLE (ID INT, SomeTextToSplit NVARCHAR(MAX))
INSERT INTO @Dummy VALUES
 (1,N'A&B;C;D;E, F')
,(2,N'"C" & ''D'';<C>;D;E, F');

DECLARE @Delimiter NVARCHAR(10)=';'; --special effort needed (due to entities coding with "&code;")!

WITH Casted AS
(
    SELECT *
          ,CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE((SELECT REPLACE(SomeTextToSplit,@Delimiter,N'§§Split$me$here§§') AS [*] FOR XML PATH('')),N'§§Split$me$here§§',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML) AS SplitMe
    FROM @Dummy
)
SELECT Casted.ID
      ,x.value(N'.',N'nvarchar(max)') AS Part 
FROM Casted
CROSS APPLY SplitMe.nodes(N'/x') AS A(x)

结果

ID  Part
1   A&B
1   C
1   D
1   E, F
2   "C" & 'D'
2   <C>
2   D
2   E, F

基于递归 cte 的解决方案

declare @T table (iden int identity, col1 varchar(100));
insert into @T(col1) values
       ('ROOT/South America/Lima/Test/Test2')
     , ('ROOT/South America/Peru/Test/Test2')
     , ('ROOT//South America/Venuzuala ')
     , ('RtT/South America / ') 
     , ('ROOT/South Americas// '); 
declare @split char(1) = '/';
select @split as split;
with cte as 
(  select t.iden, case when SUBSTRING(REVERSE(rtrim(t.col1)), 1, 1) = @split then LTRIM(RTRIM(t.col1)) else LTRIM(RTRIM(t.col1)) + @split end  as col1, 0 as pos                             , 1 as cnt
   from @T t
   union all 
   select t.iden, t.col1                                                                                                                              , charindex(@split, t.col1, t.pos + 1), cnt + 1 
   from cte t 
   where charindex(@split, t.col1, t.pos + 1) > 0 
)
select t1.*, t2.pos, t2.cnt
     , ltrim(rtrim(SUBSTRING(t1.col1, t1.pos+1, t2.pos-t1.pos-1))) as bingo
from cte t1 
join cte t2 
  on t2.iden = t1.iden 
 and t2.cnt  = t1.cnt+1
 and t2.pos > t1.pos 
order by t1.iden, t1.cnt;

如果您需要一个快速的临时解决方案，用于使用最少代码的常见情况，那么这个递归 CTE 两行代码将做到这一点：

DECLARE @s VARCHAR(200) = ',1,2,,3,,,4,,,,5,'

;WITH
a AS (SELECT i=-1, j=0 UNION ALL SELECT j, CHARINDEX(',', @s, j + 1) FROM a WHERE j > i),
b AS (SELECT SUBSTRING(@s, i+1, IIF(j>0, j, LEN(@s)+1)-i-1) s FROM a WHERE i >= 0)
SELECT * FROM b

将其用作独立语句，或者将上述 CTE 添加到任何查询中，您将能够将生成的表与其他表联接以用于任何进一步的表达式。b

编辑（由 Shnugo 提供）

如果添加计数器，您将获得一个仓位索引和列表：

DECLARE @s VARCHAR(200) = '1,2333,344,4'

;WITH
a AS (SELECT n=0, i=-1, j=0 UNION ALL SELECT n+1, j, CHARINDEX(',', @s, j+1) FROM a WHERE j > i),
b AS (SELECT n, SUBSTRING(@s, i+1, IIF(j>0, j, LEN(@s)+1)-i-1) s FROM a WHERE i >= 0)
SELECT * FROM b;

结果：

n   s
1   1
2   2333
3   344
4   4

恕我直言@AviG这是他为全额返回所有代币而设置的无错误函数版本。

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE type = 'TF' AND name = 'TF_SplitString')
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[TF_SplitString]
GO

-- =============================================
-- Author:  AviG
-- Amendments:  Parameterize the delimeter and included the missing chars in last token - Gemunu Wickremasinghe
-- Description: Tabel valued function that Breaks the delimeted string by given delimeter and returns a tabel having split results
-- Usage
-- select * from   [dbo].[TF_SplitString]('token1,token2,,,,,,,,token969',',')
-- 969 items should be returned
-- select * from   [dbo].[TF_SplitString]('4672978261,4672978255',',')
-- 2 items should be returned
-- =============================================
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.TF_SplitString 
( @stringToSplit VARCHAR(MAX) ,
  @delimeter char = ','
)
RETURNS
 @returnList TABLE ([Name] [nvarchar] (500))
AS
BEGIN

    DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(255)
    DECLARE @pos INT

    WHILE LEN(@stringToSplit) > 0
    BEGIN
        SELECT @pos  = CHARINDEX(@delimeter, @stringToSplit)


        if @pos = 0
        BEGIN
            SELECT @pos = LEN(@stringToSplit)
            SELECT @name = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, 1, @pos)  
        END
        else 
        BEGIN
            SELECT @name = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, 1, @pos-1)
        END

        INSERT INTO @returnList 
        SELECT @name

        SELECT @stringToSplit = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, @pos+1, LEN(@stringToSplit)-@pos)
    END

 RETURN
END

这是基于安迪·罗伯逊（Andy Robertson）的回答，我需要逗号以外的分隔符。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.splitstring ( @stringToSplit nvarchar(MAX), @delim nvarchar(max))
RETURNS
 @returnList TABLE ([value] [nvarchar] (MAX))
AS
BEGIN

 DECLARE @value NVARCHAR(max)
 DECLARE @pos INT

 WHILE CHARINDEX(@delim, @stringToSplit) > 0
 BEGIN
  SELECT @pos  = CHARINDEX(@delim, @stringToSplit)  
  SELECT @value = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, 1, @pos - 1)

  INSERT INTO @returnList 
  SELECT @value

  SELECT @stringToSplit = SUBSTRING(@stringToSplit, @pos + LEN(@delim), LEN(@stringToSplit) - @pos)
 END

 INSERT INTO @returnList
 SELECT @stringToSplit

 RETURN
END
GO

并使用它：

SELECT * FROM dbo.splitstring('test1 test2 test3', ' ');

（在 SQL Server 2008 R2 上测试）

编辑：正确的测试代码

我通过将值包装成元素（M，但任何方法都可以）来采用xml路由：

declare @v nvarchar(max) = '100,201,abcde'

select 
    a.value('.', 'varchar(max)')
from
    (select cast('<M>' + REPLACE(@v, ',', '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) as col) as A
    CROSS APPLY A.col.nodes ('/M') AS Split(a)

简单

DECLARE @String varchar(100) = '11,21,84,85,87'

SELECT * FROM TB_PAPEL WHERE CD_PAPEL IN (SELECT value FROM STRING_SPLIT(@String, ','))
-- EQUIVALENTE
SELECT * FROM TB_PAPEL WHERE CD_PAPEL IN (11,21,84,85,87)