提问人:dbUser11 提问时间:5/13/2021 最后编辑:Vlad from MoscowdbUser11 更新时间:5/13/2021 访问量:93
为什么编译器不喜欢所有与“Iter”关联的字符串?
Why doesn't the compiler like all the strings that are associated with "Iter"?
问:
我正在实现一种行为设计模式。
编译器在与“Iter”相关的行中给出错误。我完全不明白为什么会这样,更不明白如何解决?
我以为可能在某处存在笔误(我正在按照书中的示例做一个程序,代码是屏幕截图,需要重新输入) - 但没有笔误,一切都和那里一模一样。
那么问题可能是什么呢?
我怀疑这是一件简单的事情,由于我的知识水平低,我并没有立即看出来。
错误:
main.cpp:57:2: error: ‘Iter’ does not name a type
Iter* createIterator() const;
^~~~
main.cpp:98:41: error: no ‘Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const’ member function declared in class ‘ContainerPerson’
Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const {
^~~~~
main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
main.cpp:113:18: error: ‘class ContainerPerson’ has no member named ‘createIterator’
Iter* it = list.createIterator();
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:118:10: error: invalid use of non-static member function ‘void Iter::first()’
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->next()) {
~~~~^~~~~
main.cpp:69:7: note: declared here
void first() {
^~~~~
main.cpp:124:10: error: invalid use of non-static member function ‘void Iter::first()’
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->prev()) {
~~~~^~~~~
main.cpp:69:7: note: declared here
void first() {
^~~~~
完整代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Person {
public:
string name;
int age;
string address;
Person() {
name = "";
age = 0;
address = "";
}
Person(string n, int a, string ad) {
name = n;
age = a;
address = ad;
}
void prn() {
cout << "Информация о человеке:";
cout << "\n Фамилия: " << name;
cout << "\t Возраст: " << age;
cout << "\n Город: " << address;
}
};
class ContainerPerson {
public:
Person* masPerson;
int currentpos;
ContainerPerson(int size) {
masPerson = new Person[size];
currentpos = - 1;
}
~ContainerPerson() {
delete []masPerson;
}
void add(Person *obj) {
int pos = ++currentpos;
masPerson[pos].name = obj->name;
masPerson[pos].age = obj->age;
masPerson[pos].address = obj->address;
}
bool isEmpty() {
return (currentpos == - 1);
}
friend class Iter;
Iter* createIterator() const;
};
class Iter {
const ContainerPerson* container;
int index;
public:
Iter(const ContainerPerson* con) {
container = con;
}
void first() {
index = 0;
}
void end() {
index = container->currentpos;
}
void next() {
index++;
}
void prev() {
index--;
}
bool isDoneEnd() {
return (index == container->currentpos + 1);
}
bool isDoneBegin() {
return (index == -1);
}
Person currentItem() {
return container->masPerson[index];
}
};
Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const {
return new Iter(this);
}
int main() {
setlocale(LC_ALL, "Russian");
ContainerPerson list(7);
list.add(new Person("Sur1", 26, "City1"));
list.add(new Person("Sur2", 33, "City2"));
list.add(new Person("Sur3", 65, "City3"));
list.add(new Person("Sur4", 43, "City4"));
list.add(new Person("Sur5", 58, "City5"));
list.add(new Person("Sur6", 47, "City6"));
list.add(new Person("Sur7", 32, "City7"));
Iter* it = list.createIterator();
Person currentPerson;
cout << "\nOutput (beg-next):";
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->next()) {
currentPerson = it->currentItem();
currentPerson.prn();
}
cout << "\nOutput (beg-prev):";
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->prev()) {
currentPerson = it->currentItem();
currentPerson.prn();
}
return 0;
}
答:
您需要在 的声明之外添加一个正向声明。否则,朋友类与后面声明的 u 无关。请参阅为什么 C++ 友元类仅在其他命名空间中需要向前声明?
class Iter;
class ContainerPerson
ContainerPerson::Iter
Iter
定义中的错别字:应该是,小写。
Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator()
createIterator
c
错别字 ;应该是 .
for(it->first; ...)
it->first()
您的迭代混淆了。他们应该是
for(it->first(); !it->isDoneEnd(); it->next()) {
// ...
}
for(it->end(); !it->isDoneBegin(); it->prev()) {
// ...
}
修复了这些问题后,它可以干净地编译和运行: https://godbolt.org/z/3K7T7d14h
奖励错误供您稍后修复:
您永远不会在 中分配 。这是内存泄漏。delete
Iter
ContainerPerson::createIterator()
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friend class ::Iter;
friend class std::Iter;
using
main.cpp:57:2: error: ‘Iter’ does not name a type
Iter* createIterator() const;
^~~~
虽然这个朋友类的声明
friend class Iter;
出现在类的定义中,但该名称在类的作用域中不可见。ContainerPerson
Iter
ContainerPerson
因此,编译器会为此成员函数声明发出错误。
您需要在类之前声明类。例如Iter
ContainerPerson
class Iter;
class ContainerPerson
{
//...
friend class Iter;
Iter* createIterator() const;
//...
};
或者在函数声明的返回类型中使用详细的类型说明符,例如
class ContainerPerson
{
//...
friend class Iter;
class Iter* createIterator() const;
//...
};
main.cpp:98:41: error: no ‘Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const’ member function declared in class ‘ContainerPerson’
Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const {
^~~~~
您声明了成员函数
Iter* createIterator() const;
^^
不是成员函数
Iter* CreateIterator() const;
^^
main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
main.cpp:113:18: error: ‘class ContainerPerson’ has no member named ‘createIterator’
Iter* it = list.createIterator();
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
此错误是第一个错误的结果。
至于这些错误
main.cpp:118:10: error: invalid use of non-static member function ‘void Iter::first()’
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->next()) {
~~~~^~~~~
和
main.cpp:124:10: error: invalid use of non-static member function ‘void Iter::first()’
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->prev()) {
~~~~^~~~~
那么你的意思似乎是函数调用
it->first()
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